№8 (140) — 2020

Abstract. Based on previously unreleased archival documents, the article analyzes US relations with its ally and France in the Middle East during a period of aggravation of instability in the region in October 1973, their internal mechanics and dynamics and efficiency. The United States in October 1973 sought to exclude any mediation in resolving the hot phase of the Arab-Israeli conflict, even from its European allies, primarily France. Washington wanted to «manually» demarcate its ally, Israel and the Soviet – Egypt and Syria, and also directly agree to stop the war with the USSR, simultaneously weakening its position in the region. Paris, because of its dependence on Middle Eastern oil, was forced to demonstrate anti-Israeli and pro-Arab policies inconvenient for the Americans, to promote a collegial solution to the conflict and, contrary to the will of the United States, claimed to be a mediator. Despite the fact that Paris unofficially agreed to coordinate with Washington while continuing public anti-American rhetoric at the height of the crisis, the Americans agreed only to publicly submit French politics to their interests. Having failed to achieve this through the mechanisms of bilateral relations and NATO, the United States at least managed to isolate France and other Europeans from participating in a Middle East settlement. This once again showed that France alone is not able to regain its place as a key actor in global politics and demand equality with the United States in solving world problems. Washington in the end was able to successfully stop the Arab-Israeli conflict at that time, but by its actions deepened the split along the lines of the US-France and US-Europe and led Europeans to find ways to play an independent role in the Middle East.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the diplomatic struggle of Russian diplomats in Bucharest for Romania entering the war during the period of neutrality (1914-1916). The work, based on new data from archival funds, describes the diplomatic steps taken by the Russian diplomatic institution, the dynamics of changing the direction of Romanian policy under the influence of both foreign policy factors, such as victories or failures on the fronts, and the actions of the Romanian government. The article touches on the circumstances of the delay of Romania’s entry into the First World War. Much attention is paid to the policy of anticipation and armed neutrality pursued by the head of the Romanian government, Ionel Bratianu. Based on the analysis of the studied documents of diplomatic correspondence, it was concluded that during the period of neutrality, the Romanian government pursued a policy of diplomatic bargaining and tried to obtain the most favorable conditions for entering the war, each time finding a new reason for postponing the speech. As a result, the decision to start hostilities, Romania, was mainly prompted by the successfully developing military situation in the spring and summer of 1916, as well as the huge territorial concessions promised to the Romanian government of the Entente.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of family perspectives of women who have survived domestic violence in the unity of value-semantic, emotional-evaluative and cognitive dimensions. An empirical study is presented in which 44 women aged 20–40 years participated. According to the results of the survey, it was found that 18 of them are characterized by a distorted idea of domestic violence, an underestimation of its consequences, which nevertheless affected the nature of the design of the future in the family sphere. Thus, the peculiarities of the value-semantic foundation of family perspectives are manifested in the fact that the situation of domestic violence contributes to a lesser orientation of women towards achieving respect, trust, mutual understanding, love in relations with a partner. The specifics of the emotional-evaluative measurement of family prospects is demonstrated in the contradictory perception of one’s own family future at the same time as full of hope and anxiety. The cognitive dimension is characterized by a reduction in the depth, meaningfulness and target saturation of the perspective in the family sphere, the appearance of an inadequate assessment of the conditions for achieving the desired family happiness, faith in the case, higher powers. In general, the results demonstrate the need for psychological assistance to women victims of domestic violence, aimed at creating conditions for optimizing future family planning.

Abstract. The statistic survey, presented in the article, elicits fast and wide spreading of smartphone applications, as well as the amount of users and spent time. The questionnaire, used in the university student audience, confirms high level of gadget addiction among young people. Smartphone applications are considered to be a sphere of mental manipulation, aimed at consumer habit building as a nearest goal and at steady addiction building as a final one. Reinforced by case studies, the process is described as a practical realization of B.F. Skinner’s radical behaviorism. The further exploration of mobile apps using as a habitual behavior is based on R. Hover’s hook pattern and on B.J. Fogg’s idea of behavioral design. The smartphone applications addiction is assumed to be a kind of respondent behavior and analyzed as a consequence of previous individual responces, reinforced one by one. Manipulation know-hows and techs are also widely demonstrated in the article. The final conclusion attributes smartphone applications as a latent challenge to human mental health.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the age-specific problems of the content of psychological health of children of preschool age. The article analyzes the concept of “psychological health”, identifies some approaches to the study of this phenomenon. The basic ideas about psychological health in domestic and foreign psychology are highlighted. The analysis of the general structure and content of psychological health, adopted in domestic psychology, is presented. The problem of isolating the specific content of psychological health and its components in accordance with age is formulated, namely, the problem and the structure of psychological health in older preschool children are highlighted. Based on ideas about the structure of psychological health O.V. Khukhlaeva, as well as the age development of preschoolers, theoretically highlighted significant indicators of psychological health in preschool age. So, indicators of the axiological component in older preschool children are self-esteem as the basis of a positive self-concept and self-acceptance, especially communication with peers, as the basis for the adoption of others. The indicators of the instrumental component in older preschool age are the characteristics of the emotional sphere: the ability to recognize emotions, the absence of disturbances in the emotional sphere, the understanding of one’s actions and the actions of peers. The indicator of the need-motivating component of psychological health, as the desire for self-development, was not allocated, due to the fact that it is not diagnosed in preschool age, because its development requires a high level of reflection, which older preschoolers do not possess due to age characteristics. Statistically reliable results were obtained on the relationship between a generalized indicator of psychological health – the level of adaptation and attitudes towards peers (a way to resolve a conflict situation with peers), and the development of the emotional sphere (the number of inversions in the emotional sphere).

Abstract. The article presents the results of a study of factors affecting the career planning process by young employees, which are readiness for professional activity and the image of the future. Under the readiness for professional activity is understood the total psychological neoplasm, consisting in the orientation and ability of the subject to perform selected professional activities in accordance with regulatory requirements. The formation of readiness is greatly affected by the idea of the success of a professional. The image of a professional future is considered as the result of building a generalized plan with the active inclusion of a specialist in the system of results of professional activity that are significant for the subject. An empirical study is described, the results of which are studied using statistical analysis. Statistical analysis confirmed the hypothesis. The image of a positive future has the greatest correlation with other identified factors.

Abstract. The attempt to provide a psychological analysis of the educational process in the electronic educational environment by a university lecturer in conditions of «self-isolation» due to the threat of the spread of COVID-19 is made in the article. The authors consider the main distinguishing features of this form of educational activity and complexities that in this case arise both for teachers and students. The tool for obtaining data was the MPDE form which allows identifying key factors of the lecturer’s professional activity in the remote work mode by collecting a bank of typical difficult labor situations in the current quarantine conditions. According to the results presented in the article, these factors can be combined into the following groups: informational, organizational and managerial, methodological, material and technical, ergonomic, subjective-personal, socio-psychological. In addition, a separate careful study requires the phenomenon of group cohesion of students that is shown in the sending of identical files in response to educational tasks in the electronic educational environment. According to the authors, the most promising areas for improving e-learning in the very near future will be the control of knowledge and the education of well behavior of students. It is obvious now because since it was during the period of «self-isolation» the tendencies toward further expansion of the use of distance technologies in Russian universities were outlined.

Abstract. The purpose of this study is a historical and methodological analysis of the contribution of aviation psychology and works of art about aviation to the psychological support of military aviation during the years of World War II. The characteristics of the directions of psychological support of aviation combat operations are given, examples of popular and so far recognizable and beloved works from the field of cinematography, musical creativity, etc. are given. The conclusion is formulated that the studied contribution can be considered significant, prolonged, multilateral.

Abstract. The article examines the values of the Russian and Chinese families in the conditions of self-isolation, draws attention to the traditional culture of family relations, which is a real resource for self-preservation of the Russian and Chinese people, saving their uniqueness and self-sufficiency.

Abstract. The article discusses the relationship of the prosocial characteristics of a person with the ideas of students of a medical university about the communication of a health worker with the media. The study was conducted on the basis of a survey of students of the Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky also showed that there are links between affection, warmth, cooperation, understanding, respect for others and the idea of readiness to assist the journalist in finding a competent speaker. The study also established a relationship between the level of attachment of students of a medical university and their understanding of the health worker’s communication with the media, which has its advantages for medical workers: prosocial personality characteristics indicate a more open position of future health workers in relation to the media, indicate their understanding of the necessary knowledge of the process of communicating with them. At the same time, they have negative consequences, since doctors can overestimate their knowledge and skills and become “victims” of a public scandal in which they will be involved in a sensationalist journalist.

Abstract. Analyzed is the question of the interdisciplinary. It is shown the difference between the terms «interdisciplinarity», «muitidisciplinarity» and «transdisciplinarity». The problem of interdisciplinary is discussed in context of transference methods of the mathematical research to humanities. It is shown for example two causes of such transference from exact science to art-criticism, exactly to attribution of the work of art.

Abstract. The article is devoted to research in translation terminology in order to study the lexical features of metal studies. The results of research conducted at Stupino branch of Moscow Aviation Institute (national research university) are presented. The purpose of this work was to create a highly specialized educational glossary containing the main modern terms in the field of metal science of titanium alloys. The development of the glossary is caused by the need for its application in the educational process and during research work of students studying in the field of “Materials science and materials technology”. To do this, it was necessary to solve the following tasks: to study and systematize the Russian-language professional terminology; to analyze the work of foreign and Russian authors; to develop the concept of creating a glossary and its structure; to involve students in the development of the glossary in the course of research, term papers and theses. Various methods were used in the research: search, comparative, descriptive, method of analysis, systematization and generalization. When compiling the glossary, a comparative analysis of translation options was carried out using online translators, online dictionaries, traditional dictionaries and reference books, proceedings of international conferences on titanium, and scientific articles. Based on the research conducted with the participation of students, a glossary was developed containing the main terms related to metal science and processing technology for titanium alloys. As a result of the research, the authors concluded that the formation of knowledge using this glossary in the disciplines of the cycle “Materials science” and “Foreign language” contributed to the activation of cognitive activity of university students.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of the possible negative impact of professional activity on the personality of the employee, the determination of the characteristics of such activity and the description of the psychological mechanism of the process of professional degradation of the personality. The article substantiates that the subjective complication of professional activity ensures the development of the personality of the subject, simplification – its degradation. When performing simple, routine labor operations based on the use of template, subjectively simple cognitive actions that do not require full thinking, skills of professional thinking and professional reflection are gradually lost, and professional activity is meaningless. The main factor in simplifying the professional activities of employees is the insufficient level of subjectivity of the head of the organization, and, as a result of this, the desire for complete control over all processes in the organization. The simplification of the activities of the organization’s employees is achieved by the unification of all management and technological processes, the introduction of a formal-procedural style of activity, and the introduction of quantitative assessments of the activities of employees. The article describes three stages of degradation (emotional burnout; professional degradation; social degradation of the individual, followed by general degradation of the individual). The following signs of the beginning professional degradation of the employee, which make it possible to distinguish it from emotional burnout have been identified: the use of only template methods and techniques of activity, professional and social stereotypes; the desire to artificially create stressful situations at work; avoiding responsibility and initiative; desire to narrow the range of tasks; simplification of the need-motivational sphere of personality; neglect of collective values and violation of social ties. The methods of opposing professional degradation: resistance to the motivational and value-semantic pressure of the organization; leaving the organization; change of field of activity are discussed.

Abstract. The basis of modern technological activity is highly professional personnel with the skills to independent understanding the natural and sociocultural processes. A technical university prepares such specialists, solving the problems of creating a motivational-value sphere for students, in which the main place is occupied by the problem of the development of cognitive interest. In the educational environment of a technical university, the energy of the epistemological dialogue of the individual and society in its life and professional development, largely than other disciplines, is reflected in philosophy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to consider the development of the cognitive interest of a student of such a university in the study of philosophy as the principle of harmonization of all aspects of the cognitive process. The achievement of this goal is facilitated by the establishment of an understanding of philosophy as a system of gnoseological opportunities, the need to master philosophical culture as a way of developing cognitive interest. The teacher can overcome the student’s neglect of philosophy, to base on knowledge of the informative characteristics of cognitive interest as an integral personality trait: syncretism (converting fragmentary information into system knowledge that does not allow cognitive interest to degrade); selectivity; focus on conscious-volitional, emotionally positive attention to the object, on personally significant meanings; the interaction of subjective and objective, intellectual and emotional-volitional processes, deep intuition and substantive content of the world. Philosophy “inputs” interest into the space of potential possibilities of cognition and self-realization of a person – into the world of reflection, creativity, spirit, true knowledge. Philosophical concepts are displayed in the culturological consciousness of man – an ideal figurative world, where, acting creatively, he joins the philosophical culture as the essence of being. To have a philosophical culture is to be able to critical selecting personality-important from the whole variety of philosophical knowledge. Cognitive interest in philosophy is actively developing in the midst of problematic, personality-oriented education, which has refused dogmatic teaching and has provided students with the opportunity to develop independent analytical thinking skills.

Abstract. The article discusses the urgent issue of modern higher education didactics – the use of the model of “inverted” education in the disciplines of master’s programs. The objective of the article is to analyze the existing practice, identify the advantages and threats of the pedagogical method under consideration, in order to generalize the current practical experience.

The foreign and Russian experience of existing approaches in the concept of “inverted class” is studied. The absence of systemic developments for the graduate level of higher education has been revealed. The structure of the methodology is determined by the type of “inverted” learning model, as a variation of the “flipped classroom” technology, known and widely used in modern education. The article presents the constituent elements of the proposed methodology with practice-oriented comments for teachers on their implementation, which makes a practical contribution to the didactics of higher education. Features of an introductory lecture and final mini-lectures are shown; contact classes-disputes and practice-oriented defenses in the format of presentation of the results. The approach of “cross” evaluation of presentations in the course of their public presentation is considered. Institutional conditions for the implementation of the “inverted” model are established.

The risks of the teaching staff during the preparation and application of the methodology of the type of “inverted” training were identified, methodological difficulties and directions for overcoming them were identified. The importance and essence of the teacher’s preliminary preparation for conducting classes according to this technique, its changed place and functions in the subject-subject relations within such a training model are shown. The features of the perception of the methodology by masters of different years of study, as well as Russian and foreign students, are analyzed. The advantages and features of motivation for the classroom and extracurricular work of undergraduates in this technique are revealed. The significant role of the teacher’s personality, his creativity, innovative orientation and psychological readiness for new theoretical and practical developments in higher education pedagogy is noted. The findings and recommendations are based on many years of experience in applying the considered variation of the “flipped classroo” technology in groups of masters studying in engineering fields and are confirmed by a pedagogical experiment according to a plan with a series of equivalent effects. The materials of this article will be useful to university teachers conducting classes with full-time undergraduates.

Abstract. The article deals with the results of experimental activities to study the main psychological and pedagogical aspects of adaptation of first-year students in higher educational institutions of humanitarian and technical profiles. The concept of adaptation is defined, then the indicators and tools for determining the level of adaptation of first-year students in higher education institutions are considered on the basis of three criteria (cognitive, motivational-volitional and social-communicative). A diagnostic study was conducted and described. Student academic performance indicators, the results of winter session and reflection of students on its results, the direction of communication, according to the theory of S. L. Bratchenko, behavior in a conflict situation according to K. Thomas, levels of self-assessment of anxiety according to the method of CH. Spielberger and Y. L. Khanin were investigated. Also, the level of educational motivation of students (A.A. Rean and V. A. Yakunin, a modification of N. Badmayeva), who were included in the experimental group was diagnosed. After analyzing the results of the study, it was concluded that differences in the process of adaptation of first-year students of universities of different profiles exist, they are due to a number of psychological and pedagogical aspects: the content of the educational process, communicative characteristics of the individual, the style of interpersonal interaction, the level of educational motivation of students.

Abstract. The article presents the results of a study of students’ perceptions of research activities. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the development of this activity is one of the important indicators of the effectiveness of the institution. The problem is that the degree of student involvement in this work in most universities is not high enough. The study was conducted among 2-5-year students of three Moscow universities: the Moscow Aviation Institute (NRU), the Moscow State Linguistic University and the Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University. A questionnaire survey was used as a research method. The survey showed that only 14% of students regularly engage in research work. Moreover, interest in this type of activity is quite high. More than ¾ of the respondents consider the research work to be prestigious, 70% note a positive impact on their studies. In the course of the study, a classification of students was developed in relation to research work. In particular, a segment of potential research workers who are interested in this activity, but have not yet participated in it, has been identified. In addition, there are some students who, in the future, plan to stop doing research work for various reasons. Thus, it is necessary to conduct more active motivational work with potential participants in research activities and activities to retain those who are currently engaged in this.

Abstract. The relevance of the research problem is due to data obtained during the period of self-isolation in connection with the pandemic declared on the territory of the Russian Federation. Under such conditions, many sectors of the economy faced great difficulties; they did not pass by higher education either. In many universities, a system of distance work with students was urgently established. But if the subject teachers were able to conduct classes remotely, then physical education teachers faced great difficulties. The aim of the study was to justify the search for methods of teaching physical education in universities remotely. In order to study the situation of students staying in self-isolation, their use of knowledge gained in the process of theoretical and practical training in physical culture, the Department of Physical Culture and Sports of the Moscow Aviation Institute (NRU) developed questionnaires and sent them to students. The survey results were processed and analyzed. As a result of a survey of 234 students from 17 to 22 years of age at all the institutes of the Moscow Aviation Institute (NRU), it was found that they were all self-insulating from mid-March to the end of May 2020, mostly with their parents. During this period, the majority continued to study in all subjects, including physical education, strictly observed all measures of self-isolation, and led a healthy lifestyle. To develop a system of distance learning in physical culture, it was recommended to develop video complexes of exercises, manuals in electronic form.

Abstract. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the thesis about the need for people to maintain good health throughout their lives, using various means of physical education and sports. But at the same time a problematic situation arises, children, adolescents, and students studying so deeply in love with modern information technologies forget about the movement that the young body needs so much. This is precisely what determined the purpose of the study to outline the directions of activity of local authorities in creating conditions for the development of physical culture and sports and its popularization in the municipal district Sokolinaya Gora. Achieving the goal was carried out by solving theoretical and practical problems. Theoretical, associated with the analysis of literature on certain aspects of the development of physical education and sports. Practical methods made it possible to analyze the state of sports and fitness work in the Eastern Administrative District of Moscow and the Municipal District (MD) Sokolinaya Gora, as well as to analyze the problem of popularization of physical culture and sports (PhCS) among youth in the MD and to develop recommendations for improving the activities of local authorities to create conditions for the development of physical education and sports. The tasks set in the study are solved, the goal is achieved.

Abstract. The article substantiates the relevance of the continuing education program for teachers of aviation training centers (AEC). The psychological features of the operator’s work in the modern conditions of digital professional space are revealed. The results of a survey of teachers and senior staff of two AEC on the content and procedure for passing this program are presented. The conclusion is drawn about the most appropriate option for the application of the main content of the curriculum and program plan in the practice of teaching AEC teachers.

Abstract. The content of the article is presented by a theoretical and empirical analysis of entrepreneurial activity and personal qualities of modern entrepreneurs. Based on a theoretical analysis, the main directions of the study of the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs are considered, approaches are formulated to justify the characteristics and basic qualities of modern entrepreneurs. The purpose of the empirical study described in the article is to show enterprise, risk appetite, moral and ethical responsibility and innovativeness as personal characteristics of entrepreneurs with different experience in economic activity in small business.

The article put forward a number of hypotheses about the differences and specifics of the manifestations of personal characteristics among entrepreneurs in groups with different experience in economic activity.

As a result of an empirical study using a reasonably selected series of techniques on a sample of 82 respondents with different lengths of work, the alleged differences in the personal qualities of entrepreneurs with different experience were identified. The factor analysis outlined in this paper clearly illustrated the structural components of the personal characteristics of modern individual entrepreneurs with different experience. The results will allow us to develop psychocorrectional programs to support and develop entrepreneurial activity.

Abstract. Based on the strategy for the development of education in the Russian Federation for the period until 2025, the introduction of innovative educational technologies and new professional educational standards in primary music education in music schools and music schools is one of the urgent problems of modern pedagogy. The most important factor in successful learning is the problem of motivation formation. In this case, the teacher needs knowledge of personality-oriented techniques, multimedia and innovative technologies that require increasing the level of his professional qualities and musical and performing skills, as well as the formation of a personal cognitive-motivational activity, a competent, differentiated approach to the learning process and the variability of musical education.

The problem of mastering the work of contemporary composers today remains relevant. Due to the lack of pedagogical interest in these works in music schools, the modern performing repertoire has not yet taken its strong place in the educational process. This article reveals some relevant flute performing techniques widely used by modern composers, which have already begun to be actively used in musical pedagogy to form students’ cognitive activity and learning motivation.

Abstract. The growing demand of society for the provision of psychological support and assistance to young people who are just mastering the profession, gives rise to numerous studies of the problems of psychological safety of a person, namely, deviant forms of her life. By life, we understand the process of formation and development of a person in specific socio-economic conditions and under the influence of the activities performed by him. The effectiveness of the life of students, future teachers, we are exploring with the help of such interrelated psychological phenomena as value orientations, self-efficacy and vitality. The survey involved 104 third-year students of the Institute of Foreign Languages of Moscow State Pedagogical University, among them 11 boys and 93 girls. Based on the results of data analysis using the statistical package STADIA 8.0, factor analysis using the varimax rotation method, the following trends were identified. First, respondents generally demonstrate a normative level of self-efficacy and resilience. At the same time, a somewhat underestimated level of self-efficacy in interpersonal relationships is consistent with underestimated indicators of the component of vitality – Engagement. Secondly, there is a clear tendency to contrast the values of personal life and professional self-realization, and this duality is expressed not only at the level of terminal and instrumental values, but is also confirmed by factor analysis. Thirdly, the priority values of the terminal values of personal life and the instrumental values of self-control, the breadth of interests, and responsibility in general are correlated with high rates of self-efficacy and vitality within our sample.

Abstract. The modern education system is one of the most influential and perfect tools that have a positive impact on the development of society. Therefore, today, great importance is attached to the quality of education, which must provide the conditions necessary to achieve a high professional level of specialists, providing them with ample opportunities to achieve success in their chosen field of professional activity. The choice of profession, professional self-determination, professional self-assertion and realization play a significant role in a person’s life, in their socialization, social well-being, and awareness of themselves as a worthy and necessary member of society. A young specialist must not only master a very wide range of special knowledge, skills and abilities, but also learn to navigate flexibly in life and profession-learn independently, make decisions, realize their responsibility for them, adapt to new conditions that arise at a particular moment in life, be able to acquire new ways of working and, most importantly, transform their previous knowledge, skills and abilities in accordance with the new situation. Creating conditions for training specialists who are ready to enter into active professional activity is a task that every University faces. In the field of art education, this task is complicated by a number of specific features that must be taken into account in the process of professional training of a specialist in the vocal class of a modern University.