№2 (134) — 2020

Abstract. The article is devoted to the urgent topic of Soviet foreign policy on the eve of World War II and its perception by the French press. The author focuses on how the change in the foreign policy vector of the USSR was perceived in one of the leading Western democracies – France.

Abstract. In the second half of the 19^th century due to the Great Reforms and vigorous development of trade and industry the rapid urban growth started in the Russian Empire. Such typical urban problems as sanitation level, bad housing conditions and high population density became more intense in the big cities. Housing problem was one of the hot-button issues of that time. Sanitary inspectors were the first to offer the solutions of that problem, followed by economists and architects. All the researchers not only collected the data of housing conditions, but also analyzed the European experience of housing problem solutions and opportunities for its use in the Russian Empire. The article explores the methods offered to solve the housing problem in Russia in the early 20^th century. Researches were united about methods should be used to solve the housing problem: legislative regulation, charity, providing good quality housing for workers, cooperation and housing construction associations. However, they evaluated the outcome and relevance of these methods differently. Each method had its advantages and weaknesses, based on the features of the regime, existing value system and the specifics of the private initiatives evolution in the Russian Empire.

Abstract. The acceleration policy of the socio-economic development of the USSR, declared in 1986, was a strategic blunder of leadership of the Central Committee of the CPSU. The policy of perestroika did not have a scientific content; it undermined socio-political stability and the national security of the soviet state. The radicalization of the agrarian policy by the central leadership, the unresolved price issue, the formal bureaucratic attitude of the administrative and managerial personnel of collective farms and state farms to the introduction of economic calculation had a negative impact on the modernization of the agricultural complex. After the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, political disagreements began to build between the central and the Belarusian leadership. The Belarusian leadership’s approach to the modernization and reforming of the republic’s agriculture was based on upholding national interests, preserving the current management system, denying private ownership of land, and state control over the introduction of business. In the process of modernization, Soviet Belarus did not allow collapse and preserved the created agricultural production potential.

Abstract. The article explores the stylistic and lexical features of the language of the three most popular glossy magazines, although related to international ones, but showing a national identity in terms of materials and design. These features include: widespread foreign borrowing; metaphoricality; the use of lexical units of a different plan (both common and having a limited scope: colloquial, slang, vernacular, peculiar to various subcultures, etc.); frequent use of quotes from religious texts, both in an amended and unchanged form. The article discusses the use of the principle of a language game, which is generally very characteristic of the Spanish language, to create certain images and associations, to give texts additional expressiveness. The article also analyzes such an important element of glossy magazines as advertising, which is an example of the creative use of language tools that play a special role in creating slogans. The main factors shaping the language system of glossy magazines are: the correlation of global and national trends in culture and fashion, the sociocultural appearance of the target audience, the gender address of the magazines, as well as the stylistic features inherent in the Spanish language (word play, metaphorization, etc.).

Abstract. The main informational and mathematical aspects of the translation process as a system phenomenon are considered, and a detailed analysis of its stages is presented. The possibility of a mathematical description of the process of functioning of its main elements is shown, which allows the use of the mathematical apparatus of probability theory and mathematical statistics, in particular the use of vector random functions, while providing the conditions for the required evaluation of the translation quality.

Abstract. The article deals with the problem of effective use of aerobics elements in modern choreographic education. Unique integrative, the combination of sports and music as a key specification of dance art is a powerful factor in the artistic development of the child. Aerobics is multifunctional, its impact on the personality is multifaceted, it is expressed in a special physical, technical, aesthetic orientation of classes. By means of aerobics in a choreographic class the whole set of the problems connected with physical development of pupils is solved. Aerobic exercises significantly develop the endurance of dancers. They form a sense of beauty of movements, harmony with music, develops the ability to convey emotional States, moods and feelings in dance movements. The inclusion of aerobics exercises should be strictly dosed, taking into account such factors as the age and number of participants in the group, the level of their physical and musical training, specific pedagogical goals and objectives. The author emphasizes that in modern choreographic education aerobics should become an integral part of the technological and artistic components of the educational process.

Abstract. In the article, in the historical-pedagogical and theoretical-methodological vein, the legal component of the content of civic education is revealed. The role of law as a regulator of public relations in the content of civic education is established. The features of conservative (legistic) and liberal (legal) approaches to law are revealed. The educational function of law is considered as a connecting link between law and pedagogy, and its features, through the prism of conservative and liberal approaches. The conservative approach finds expression in such an educational impact, which is built in accordance with strict imperative directions. The liberal approach is focused on recognizing the leading role of law in fostering legal awareness and stimulating lawful behavior. It is noted that the relationship between law and pedagogy is expressed by the term “legal education”, while representatives of legal and pedagogical thought note its attitude to civic education through awareness of legal duties and compliance with legal norms. A brief historical analysis of philosophical and pedagogical ideas concerning the role of law in the education of a citizen is carried out. The features of the current state of civic education in domestic pedagogy, the position of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the direction of pedagogical thought are determined.

Abstract. The article discusses new effective teaching technologies in elementary school, allowing students to achieve high learning outcomes, education and development. The authors define intensive technologies that ensure the achievement of pre-designed results based on the interaction of stakeholders. The article discusses the technology of collective peer education in elementary school.

Abstract. Digitalization of various spheres of human life determines the need to change the content of the preparation of the future teacher. The revolutionary nature of the transformations implies that the content is updated in the project logic and is carried out by scientific and pedagogical teams ready for collective distributed activities and didactic-reflexive registration of the practice being implemented. The proposed idea of one of these teams is to use real objects and processes in the development of intersubject and subject knowledge and skills. Its implementation involves the search for methodological solutions to determine the aspect of consideration of an object or process with the subsequent formulation of the corresponding educational, educational, research, design and practical tasks. One of the significant moments of this work is the identification of the interdisciplinary content of the mathematical, natural-scientific, engineering-technological, informational training of the future teacher. For this purpose, it is proposed to base the study of classes of objects and processes in such fields of knowledge as classical mechanics, financial mathematics, which allow constructing and applying mathematical models. Another important point is the inclusion of future teachers in the process of identifying educational problems, setting tasks that require interdisciplinary knowledge. For this, a system of actions with interdisciplinary content is proposed, aimed at developing critical, creative, algorithmic thinking, design and research abilities of future teachers. The described method allows you to prepare the future teacher for the interaction “learner – digital environment – teacher”.

Abstract. The article substantiates the relevance of the discipline “Human Factor” for flight personnel during advanced training at the Aviation Training Center (ATC). The most typical example of an accident due to the erroneous actions of the flight personnel when leaving for the second circle in difficult meteorological conditions is given. A variant of the thematic plan of the discipline is proposed taking into account the psychological characteristics of the flight at the most critical and difficult stages.

Abstract. This article reveals the essence of the socio-psychological approach to understanding organized crime. It is based on the criminal model of success, which in turn is not feasible without the creation of a secret criminal organization, and that without traditional and modern means of criminal communication. From the point of view of social psychology, the main mechanism for the preparation and Commission of crimes, and primarily within the framework of organized crime, is criminal communication, which is carried out using special means. Among the traditional means of criminal communication are: jargon, tattoos, secret writing, etc. as for modern ones, they are the encryption of information messages using mathematical methods of information conversion, etc. The article also discusses the practice of countering modern means of criminal communication.

Abstract. The article discusses certain aspects of a new prognostic direction in the development of modern education and science. The main goal of predictive education is highlighted – to help younger generations to develop prognostic qualities and multicultural values, and intercultural professional competence on a spiritual and moral basis. A hypothesis has been put forward that the significance of the level of development of multicultural values and personality traits, as prerequisites for the effectiveness of its interaction with society and the environment, is the productivity of prognostic activity in the intercultural educational space. In the study of the multicultural vocational and educational space of personality development, fundamental principles and approaches to the formation of multicultural values of students of educational institutions of higher education are considered. It is concluded that a promising direction is an axiological and prognostic approach to the development of professional prognostic qualities and multicultural values of an individual in education on an interdisciplinary basis.

Abstract. This article discusses methodical aspects of studying the S. V. Rachmaninov’s creative work at the music lessons at comprehensive school in the context of formation morality of younger teens. The educational process is in accordance with new educational standards and documents which adopted on the territory of the Russian Federation. The Rachmaninov’s musical heritage represents a good way for the formation of value comprehension of the artistic meaning of the musical work and the development their own moral sphere. Creating the new type music lessons in a comprehensive school is the primary task of the music education.

Abstract. Identifying the structural-logical and content bases of performing and educational training of future teachers-musicians, the author defines this process as a synthesis of interrelated motivational-value, logical-constructive and artistic-practical components. It is also taken into account that the integral educational system in the form of professional activity of a teacher-musician covers various aspects in their relationship with each other. Based on this, the author formulates criteria and indicators of the level of performance and educational training in the instrumental class. Based on the developed system of special tasks performing-educational orientation, such as training, tests, writing (essay, essay) and creative (presentations, role-playing, presentations, contests, etc.) work, shows that the effectiveness of performing educational training of future teachers-musicians in the instrumental class is associated with organizational-pedagogical, functional and content and subjective-personal conditions, briefly revealed the content of these conditions.

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to develop criteria for the formation of living conditions for children left without parental care at an early stage of their adaptation to the proposed family community. The conditions created for children without parental care can today be understood ambiguously and their essence is to place the child in a family with an established life, traditions, rules and culture of interaction. Undoubtedly, the foster family is also a guarantee of the upbringing, education of the child and the formation of a full-fledged personality. But at the early stage of adaptation of each child to the proposed and new living conditions for him, it is necessary to develop an individual solution to this process and synchronize the interaction of all participants in order to prolong the constant and positive consensus of the family community. The scientific novelty of the study is the use of focus groups in the study of the formation of conditions for the primary adaptation of a child in a foster family, with further integration of the results into the practice of pedagogical, psychological and social work. Focus groups and a collegial discussion of the results made it possible to identify the fundamental signs of the formation of primary conditions of adaptation in a foster family of children without parental care, which was carried out on the basis of the Don State Technical University of the Department of Social Work (Rostov-on-Don).

Abstract. Modern specialists with technical education need new methods of teaching foreign languages, which contribute to the formation of the necessary level of professional and intercultural competence. The main obstacles for this are the insufficient number of hours to learn a foreign language in the field of professional activity, the lack or lack of knowledge of the sociocultural component of a foreign language environment and the inability to actively use speech behavior. The article analyzes the existing problems regarding methods for the formation of intercultural competence of students of technical universities.

Abstract. The article provides a brief analysis of the key components of the experience of the domestic life management system for orphans, taking into account the time aspect. It is emphasized that the problem of living arrangements for orphans has a centuries-old history. Briefly describes approaches to the care of orphans in different countries of the world. Particular attention is paid to differences in approaches to the problem of living arrangements for orphans in Russia and abroad, as well as existing similarities are indicated. It is emphasized that today in Russia, many modern areas practiced in the West remain in the background. At the same time, Russia has a rich scientific and practical base for organizing vocational training and carrying out activities in the field of professional substitute family care. It is noted that the modern world system of living arrangements for orphans is developing on the basis of existing scientific data and laws protecting the rights and legitimate interests of children, harmoniously combined with the mentality of each individual state. At the same time, the main postulate for professionals working in the life management system of orphans is a clear belief that each child should have his own family. An innovative approach to solving this problem is proposed on the basis of a generalization of the existing scientific base and practical experience to consider this problem from the perspective of a professional approach with elements of competency.

Abstract. Scientific activity in recent years has become increasingly stressful. One of the typical situations that can cause prolonged prolonged stress in scientific activity is the defense of the dissertation. The purpose of this work is to present the technologies of psychological support of scientific activity, allowing to give a researcher a psychological tool with which he will gain the ability to withstand professional stress. There are two ways of working to prevent stress in professional activities, organizational and individual, the combination of which gives maximum results. As our empirical studies have shown, the factor that impedes the development of professional stress in scientific activity is a holistic, integrated, but at the same time labile system of motivation for scientific activity. The technology proposed by us is an independent work of a researcher with his own system of motives. This work is based on the principles and strategies of metacognitive control of one’s own psyche. Three stages of the formation of the ability of metacognitive management of the system of personal motives of scientific activity in the context of overcoming professional stress among researchers are described. It is emphasized that the greatest effect is achieved only by the joint use of organizational and individual working methods aimed at preventing the destructive consequences of professional stress in scientific activity.

Abstract. Osteochondrosis is one of the most important medical and social problems, since it has a serious impact on both the physical and psychological state of the patient. The aim of the study was to study the personal characteristics of patients undergoing osteochondrosis, depending on gender. In the biofeedback laboratory, 638 patients were examined. There were 85 men (13.3%) men, 553 women (86.7%). The average age of patients was 56.3 ± 2.2 years. In men, it is 55.9 ± 2.3 years, in women –57.0 ± 2.2 years (p = 0.124). To determine the psychological characteristics, a standardized multifactorial method of personality research was used. Thus, we noted that in the presence of osteochondrosis, various personal characteristics become inherent in the patients, which also depend on the gender of the patient. For women with this diagnosis, demonstrativeness, anxiety, manifestations of male traits are characteristic. Thus, the presence of osteochondrosis affects the personal characteristics of patients, which must be considered when conducting a comprehensive therapeutic approach.

Abstract. The experience of the involuntary professional activity change always leads to certain consequences, in the form of changes in personal qualities and activation of the internal resources of the person. The involuntary professional activity change is always an adverse change in a person’s social life. Depending on the style of responding to a negative situation of the involuntary professional activity change and the presence or absence of social or other support, a person overcomes difficulties with minimal losses for himself. Also, depending on the gender and age of a person, the situation of the involuntary change of work is experienced in different ways. Changes in social status, the emergence of responsibility for one’s own family, age-related crises and other changes in a person’s life lead to stressful conditions. The subject of the study is the age and sex characteristics of experiencing an involuntary professional activity change. There is an urgent need for additional research on the problem of age and sex characteristics of experiencing an involuntary professional activity change. Men and women of different ages are increasingly faced with the fact that they need to adapt to the new conditions of their professional life. As research methods, we used a review of the theoretical works of domestic and foreign scientists, as well as an empirical study on the S. Hobfall test “Strategies for Overcoming Stressful Situations”. The conducted study will complement the existing work base on the problems of changing work as a crisis event in people’s lives. Obviously, there are significant differences between men and women, for women it is much more important to have social support in difficult times than for men who are more prone to aggressive actions in difficult life moments. Men show more careful and balanced actions in comparison with women. Obviously, women and men can have different priorities in life, for some, career and continuous professional growth are important, for others, family, birth of heirs and their upbringing are important.

Abstract. Due to the lack of a methodology and a system of socio-psychological rehabilitation of people with addictive behavior developed on its basis, scientific understanding and justification of the content and components of a system that ensures the mental health of a person in a difficult life situation is required. The purpose of the study: the scientific substantiation of the conceptual provisions of the system of socio-psychological rehabilitation and, on this basis, the development of a rehabilitation model for people with addictions of a non-pathological nature. The main research methods were theoretical analysis of studies, document analysis, scientific modeling, which allowed us to present a descriptive model of a system of socio-psychological rehabilitation. Methodological approaches (subjective, activityful, systematic), factors, substantive characteristics of the methodological, personnel, organizational support of the system, levels, subject, goals, resulting indicators of the functioning of the system of socio-psychological rehabilitation of addictions are determined. The functions of the system are defined: maintaining mental health, optimizing the psychological resources of the individual, neutralizing the effects of mental conditions that threaten the rehabilitation process, streamlining communication processes. The scientific novelty of the study is to determine the conceptual foundations of a system of socio-psychological rehabilitation of people with addictions of a non-pathological nature as a set of interrelated actions of the subjects of the process to restore communicative connections, social and psychological functions of an individual.

Abstract. This article highlights the psychological features of professional interaction of participants in criminal proceedings and describes the experimental research conducted by the author. The problem of professional interaction is considered from the positions of legal psychology, labor psychology, and social psychology. The author clearly reflected the main stages of professional interaction in the corner process. The psychological aspects of the stages of the criminal process and their peculiarities are studied. The used psychological mechanisms of professional interaction of groups with different status (investigators and victims) in the investigation of crimes are analyzed. On the basis of empirical research, the main psychological criteria that allow investigators to optimally interact with all participants in the criminal process, including when performing professional tasks as part of the investigative task force, are identified. A comparative analysis of psychological mechanisms in the professional interaction of investigators and forensic specialists – professional groups of criminal proceedings with the same nominal status is presented.

Abstract. The problem of psychological and pedagogical support of gifted children and adolescents is directly related to the conditions and requirements of the modern world. Demand for young people with high intelligence and creative abilities is growing. The article presents an attempt to study the individual typological characteristics of adolescents with various types of giftedness. As a result of a comparative analysis of group mean values, using Student’s t-test, significant differences in individual typological characteristics were revealed in the studied adolescents with different types of giftedness, confirming their statistical differentiation.

Abstract. The article discusses the features of logotherapy and logo analysis developed by V. Frankl and D. Crambo. The experience of conducting logo analysis groups with students of different areas of training is described. The observed results of the groups are summarized. Most participants noted the emergence of a new understanding of themselves, a rethinking of their own actions and relationships on the basis of an “inventory” of the period of their life. Many members of the group highlighted the fact that they began to feel more responsible in building relationships with other people and noted that their relations began to change qualitatively. The arising or affirmed self-confidence of the participants in the groups, their acceptance of authorship of their life convinces the need for such groups with young people. Such groups are necessary to actualize the needs of each participant to build their being through finding their own meanings in all areas of life. The article focuses on the fact that logo analysis groups are effective for enhancing the desire of participants to engage in self-knowledge, the search for meaningful landmarks in life.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the values preferred by teenagers that determine their daily behavior. The paper reviews current research problems of value-semantic positions of adolescents and current trends in their choice. The analysis of publications in Russia and abroad that show the interests of young people in accordance with the main vectors of globalization of world relations and the rapid informatization of society. However, researchers do not link the values of adolescents with their future existence in the world with deteriorating environmental conditions. Currently, school education, mass media, and scientific publications pay the most serious attention to the environmental education of schoolchildren, forcing them not to remain indifferent to the ecology of their world. The research is devoted to the analysis of values and behavior formed on their basis, which ensures effective promotion of modern requirements for environmental safety in the social community for nature conservation. The study involved 446 adolescents, 187 male and 279 female. Their personal typology was diagnosed within the framework of Keirsey’s ideas about social temperaments and their value orientations. The results for the entire sample of subjects showed clear preferences of students for situational, irrational behaviors, in which social boundaries and rules are not primarily viewed. This indicates a vague manifestation of students ‘ desire for social unification in order to achieve the environmental requirements of the modern world. At the same time, it is shown that 2 out of 4 social temperaments formed in adolescents are the most relevant for promoting environmental principles of world development. Also revealed are the values of teenagers that characterize their environmental culture.