№9 (141) — 2020

Abstract. Tracing the life and agency of Chief of the Finlyandish Gendarme Administration August Tobiesen this article reveals the elements that accompanied state service in the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Obtaining the rights of the Russian nobility, serving in the navy, shifting from one occupation to another, and also serving in the ranks of the political police on the territory of a special region of the Russian Empire, the Grand Duchy of Finland, – all these things are analyzed in the article. A special attention is devoted to the gendarme service, namely, its organization in the Russian Empire, the mechanism of enlistment, appointments, powers, tasks, and merits. The work of the gendarme officer in Finland and his own attitude to official duties are showed. In addition, the topic of the national question in the Empire is raised, and the imperial gendarme’s view to it is given

Abstract. The article reveals the main directions of the origin of mobilization training in the Russian Empire from conducting individual events to creating an integrated system aimed at conducting mobilization in the state (the period from 1831 to 1875).

Abstract. In modern realities, the most important tool for controlling the process of forming social representations and attitudes is the purposeful formation of a group and individual culture of media consumption. The developed program for the formation of students’ media consumption culture is an individual cognitive processing of media information, including methods and criteria for evaluating media products. The authors give a detailed description of one of the possible options for special training programs that contribute to the correction of individual and the development of group standards for media consumption. The created training exercises allow to stimulate the training participants to understand the need for the formation of conscious media consumption and direct their attention to the key components of this process.

The author’s development and testing of the training was carried out from 2019 to 2020 on the basis of the professional educational organization “Saratov college of industry technologies”. The study involved 60 students. The group study program consisted of three structurally-substantive blocks, each of which is aimed at solving one of the three main tasks. The applied method of mathematical statistics (coefficients of mutual conjugacy of Pearson and Chuprov) made it possible to ascertain the effectiveness of the author’s program. In addition, according to the results of testing the program, the authors note that the ultimate goals and specific tasks in the formation of a culture of media consumption can be correctly formulated subject to a balanced interdisciplinary analysis of existing trends and attitudes of mass consciousness. These goals and objectives should reflect the need of students to develop such strategies, methods and norms of cognitive and individual regulatory activity that allow them to adequately respond to the explosive dynamics of the development of information and virtual space as the technological basis of modern mass media.

Abstract. The introduction in our country of a long-term self-isolation regime for the epidemiological risks caused by a pandemic certainly has a positive effect on the somatic health of the population. However, for a large number of citizens its negative psychological consequences are inevitable. Finding themselves in conditions of physical isolation, financial loss, and the collapse of plans, people experience a whole range of negative emotions. At the same time, some citizens find resources in order to cope with the current situation and maintain an optimal psycho-emotional background. The identification and study of predictors of the preservation of internal well-being is relevant for psychological science. In this study, we studied the effect of optimism / pessimism on the experience of emotional and personal well-being. The results of studies conducted by both foreign and domestic scientists do not give an unambiguous answer to the questions: is optimism a predictor of internal well-being, and is pessimism related to internal dysfunction? The sample consisted of 1041 people, they were people of different sex, age, professional and educational status. The following psychodiagnostic methods were used: Seligman Attrbution Style Questionnaire (SASQ) and the method of self-assessment of emotional and personal well-being (SEPW). The results showed that in the sample, the optimistic and pessimistic attribution styles were generally balanced. At the same time, men are more optimistic in some parameters than women. An optimistic attributive style is characteristic for people under 25 years old, and at the age of 46-55 years old a pessimistic mood prevails. Of professional groups, representatives of the industrial intelligentsia are less inclined toward an optimistic outlook on life. It is established that the optimistic attribution style is a predictor of emotional and personal well-being, while the pessimistic attributive style does not determine the state of emotional-personal well-being.

Abstract. Research related to the Great Patriotic War is especially relevant in the year of the 75th anniversary of the Victory. Preservation of the memory of the heroes and events of that period in the history of our country depends on the modern young generation. The article presents the results of a survey of students dedicated to their attitude to Victory Day and assessment of patriotism. The data were obtained within the framework of the federal sociological study “Students’ attitudes towards the Great Patriotic War”, conducted under the leadership of Yu.R. Vishnevsky (the sample consisted of more than 10 thousand students). An online survey was used as a research method. The survey involved 150 students of the Moscow Aviation Institute, studying at various faculties. The survey showed that in the minds of the majority of students the memory of the war and the exploits of the older generations is preserved. But many future engineers are passive participants in the Victory Day celebrations, despite the high significance of this event for them and their families. An insignificant share of students takes part in the action “Immortal Regiment”, although most assess it positively. More than 60% in general can call themselves patriots, but just over 10% are absolutely sure of this. It is necessary not only to more actively involve young people in the events dedicated to the celebration of Victory Day, but also to raise their awareness and interest in the history of their country.

Abstract. Over the past decade, attention to information security problems has become widespread throughout the world, including in the Russian Federation. Efforts to ensure information security have become an integral part of the activities of almost any state. The article provides an analysis of the category of “information security”, reflects the current state of the general competence of officers in the field of information security in one of the military branches. Its place and role in the armed forces and in the national security system as a whole is revealed. The origin of the phenomenon of information security, its essence and structure is considered.

In this connection, questions are raised of ensuring the information security of the state strike as a whole and the guarantor of national security – the armed forces. The main task is to prepare a serviceman for action in conditions of informational impact and the ability to counter it. The solution of particular tasks indicated in the article is intended to contribute to the formation of professional competence of officer personnel in the field of information security.

Abstract. The topicality of the study is due to the fact that, under current conditions of the development of society, improving the system of preventing a terrorist and extremist ideology in adolescents and young people is one of the priority areas of state policy in the framework of ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation. The paper presents the results of a monitoring study on the state of the system of preventing terrorist and extremist crimes in the territorial entities of the Russian Federation. The conclusions have been drawn that an effective prevention system has been devised and is currently being implemented, which is characterized by high performance indicators. It is proved that the package of measures taken to prevent extremist and terrorist ideology implemented in the territory of the entities of the Russian Federation helps to reduce juvenile delinquency; and it also ensures a decrease in the percentage of children and adolescents registered in commissions on juvenile delinquency and the protection of adolescents’ rights. It has been substantiated that the outcome of the activities of executive bodies of the territorial entities of the Russian Federation aimed at preventing extremist and terrorist ideology among students should be a formed system of additional measures to identify and eliminate the causes and conditions conducive to the identification, prevention and suppression of acts of terrorism, manifestations of religious radicalism, nationalism, separatism, other forms of extremism, organized crime and other criminal attacks on the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, human and civil rights and freedoms, state and private property, public order and public safety.

Abstract. Mediation is a type of alternative dispute resolution, and in the scientific literature it is understood as a process or procedure. Consideration of the socio-psychological aspect of mediation is rarely found in the works of foreign and domestic researchers. A hypothesis was put forward about the existence of socio-psychological characteristics of the professional activity of a mediator, manifested in the socio-psychological characteristics and social orientations of mediators and their clients. The study involved 198 people, including 98 mediators and 100 clients who used mediator services. The following were measured: personal profiles of social orientations, the use of mediation approaches, negotiation style in mediation, the level of subjective success of the mediator’s professional activity. Data processing: frequency analysis, correlation analysis using t-test for independent samples, Pearson’s chi-square and Spearman’s r. The results obtained: among mediators, there are more people who tend to dominate, while clients who use mediators’ services tend to be guided. There are differences in the mutual assessments of the personality profiles of the social orientations of mediators and their clients. Each mediation approach and negotiation style is characterized by its own set of relationships with the characteristics of the personality profile of the mediator’s social orientations, the characteristics and self-esteem of his work.

Abstract. In the article, the author analyzes the results of the works of scientists who study the phenomenon of a leader from a gender perspective. The main vectors of research in this area are highlighted, and current trends in the study of gender aspects of leaders are considered. The use of foreign experience will make it possible to increase the role of women in the organization of management activities, which, in turn, will have an impact on ensuring the efficiency of enterprises.

The article summarizes the main developments in gender studies of leadership and leadership, various theories, concepts, postulates, focuses on the advantages of the gender factor over the leadership role. It is stated that the assimilation of gender-role models of behavior (in particular, the formation of normative images of femininity and masculinity) takes place in the context of the ontogeny of gender-role standards (typical samples (models), established, emotionally colored ideas (beliefs) regarding the behavior and characteristics of the character of men and It has been proven that the problem of organizing the promotion of women in an enterprise requires close attention, has a subjective side, therefore, it should take into account the expectations of women about the possibilities of their career advancement and the existence of prerequisites for this process, that is, the availability of appropriate knowledge, experience , personal qualities to occupy a more significant position, as well as the objective side – taking into account the needs of the enterprise.

Abstract. The article deals with a number of issues related to the musical and performing training of piano students in the piano class. The problem of forming performing skills, in this case – articulation skills, is one of the main ones in piano pedagogic. The articulation complex, considered in a broad historical format, is the basis of performing expressiveness, aimed at revealing the semantic essence of a musical work. Analyzing the methodological literature, the authors came to the conclusion that there is a significant gap in the practice-oriented instructions for forming certain articulation techniques, in particular the staccato stroke, historically the original method of sound production on keyboard musical instruments. The article offers methodological and technological methods for filling this pedagogical gap. Based on theoretical and practical experience, the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop and implement a purposeful methodological and pedagogical vector of education for piano students of the articulation thesaurus, which launches an important educational mechanism – the epistemological initiative of the student, which consists in understanding, comprehending, analyzing and deciphering the semantic sphere of a musical text and turning it into a music-conscious text.

Abstract. This paper deals with the problem of forming health-saving competencies, taking into account the requirements of the Federal state educational system for the training of vocal teachers. Interdisciplinary approach considered in the study of professional disciplines, physical education, valueology in health matters to enhance the effectiveness of training a future specialist. Implementation experience studied integration approach for mastering health-saving competencies. Physiological and Anatomical Lights aspects of training vocalists based on individual capabilities perception of each student, which justifies the need for personality-oriented approach. The authors believe that the kinesthetic model that provides the ability to create an educational environment for the formation of health-saving competencies in the next generation of students is optimal for training a future teacher-vocalist.

Abstract. In the modern contradictory conditions of the development of general education, the increasing role of distance forms of work of educational organizations, the need for teachers and other participants in the educational process in systemic educational and methodological support of lessons and extracurricular activities using textbooks included in the current Federal List of Textbooks has significantly increased. This also applies to the music textbooks of the author of this article, published since 2006 and recently updated in accordance with the requirements of the current Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education and the Model Working Program of the subject “Music”. In connection with the interconnection between music lessons and extracurricular activities provided for by these state documents, the content of updated music textbooks can be implemented not only in the form of a lesson, but also in various cultural and leisure activities – school concerts, musical performances, holidays, festivals, competitions, etc., as well as in the classroom of children’s creative musical associations (school choirs, folklore ensembles, musical theaters, etc.). Assimilation of the content of textbooks is facilitated by tasks and projects carried out by students using electronic educational resources, virtual musical environment. The author’s system of educational and methodological support is scientifically substantiated. It is based on the author’s concept of teaching music in elementary school and includes several interrelated components: target, structural, content, etc. This system includes the following electronic and paper publications: the curriculum of the subject “Music” for grades 1-4; teaching aids for music teachers; music reader; audio supplements to textbooks; workbooks entitled “Musical Travel Diary”. The updated textbooks and the corresponding system of educational and methodological support for lessons and extracurricular (cultural and leisure) activities have a pronounced focus on improving the educational effectiveness of teaching music.

Abstract. The article addresses the practice of teaching the course of economic translation to prospective economists in online format at MGIMO. A videoconference as a technology-mediated language learning interaction is defined as an equivalent of a traditional offline class in terms of its contribution to formation of students’ professional competences. The enormous educational and motivational potential of synchronous and asynchronous models of distance language learning is revealed, while the ways of overcoming the challenges imminent to it are provided.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the issue of the formation and development of the group of competences “Teamwork and leadership” among the students of the engineering and technical specialties of master programs. According to the requests of the potential employer in the practice-oriented format of the professional training, the development of this group of competences is one of the priorities of higher education. The employers make certain demands on the level of formation of these competences among the future management personnel.

It is shown that the teamwork in economic sectors related to the building of the capital construction projects in the national property system of Russia is reduced to the formation of the principles of the realization of investment and construction projects in which a large number of interested persons (stakeholders) takes part. The authors identify the following features of the teamwork in such projects: uniqueness, greater number of teams, different goals teams, that are working on the project, inclusion the team in the work on the project on the certain stages of its implementation. All of these require participants of the investment and construction project to know and able to create and develop the team, to make it highly effective.

A model of formation of the group of universal competences “Teamwork and leadership” among the master students studying with the master program 08.04.01. Construction. The model is based on the competence approach, the technology of project-based learning aimed at the interdisciplinary linkages. The model was tested in the educational activities of the formation of this group of competences among the students studying with the above-mentioned master program.

It is expected that the using of the authors’ model will allow the graduates of the master course to effectively solve the problems and challenges in the construction sphere, which remains the traditional «locomotive» for the Russian economy in another round of crisis.

Abstract. In the article, the authors analyzed the theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the features of the formation of professional deformations and resilience of the Ministry of Emergencies, presented diagnostic tools for measuring these psychological constructs. The authors show a comparison of the average values of the components of the emotional burnout of the Ministry of Emergencies, taking into account the length of service that affects the formation of professional personality deformations, shows the structure of the relationships in the context of the resilience of the individual. The results of the study confirm the formation of resistance to life circumstances among employees of the Ministry of Emergencies.

Abstract. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the fact that for teachers of preschool educational institutions it is important to improve the existing experience and skills of pedagogical activity, to increase their knowledge of working with children in order to form and increase their professional status, and also to find new methods of interaction with the younger generation. The purpose of this article is to study the effectiveness of the use of computer technology in remote work to improve the professional skills of teachers of preschool educational institutions. The tasks include identifying trends in the use of computer technologies in working with teachers to improve their skills, identifying the advantages, disadvantages and activity of training, as well as assessing the effectiveness of this process. The study was conducted empirically in the local market, through an online survey of a representative sample of educators from preschool educational institutions in Rostov-on-Don. The results of the study were discussed remotely among the teaching staff of the department, as well as in an online conference with teachers of preschool educational institutions, during which the areas of professional training, the prerogatives in the further development of distance learning and software were determined. The results of the study demonstrated the importance and feasibility of not only regular teacher training, but also the improvement of the process itself, including the mandatory use of distance tools and methods to analyze, apply international experience and accumulated knowledge.

Abstract. The article shows how, using specially selected visual stimuli during the oculographic analysis of IT tracker data, it is possible to establish the nature of the predominant emotional state of the respondent. By means of correlation and factor analysis, it was established that the respondent’s increased attention to the details of stimuli with negative emotional colors (faces covered by negative experiences of people, geometric figures of black, gray, brown, dramatic plots, images of various kinds of dangers) serve as indicators of this state. It was also shown that the prevalence of positive emotions in the respondent, a positive emotional state can be detected by the results of an oculographic analysis of the preferred stay of the gaze of the person being tested in the locations of images with a pronounced positive, life-affirming orientation (joyful faces, funny stories, geometric shapes painted in light colors) ) Indicators of increased alertness, anxious self-control can serve as increased attention to the symbolic designations of power, leadership, personal superiority, combined with the predominant fixation of the gaze on segments that embody stealth, restraint, as well as a desire for peace and security. In this case, within the framework of some visual stimuli, increased attention is paid to the geometric figures of gray, blue and green, and in others, to the figures in red, images of the winners.

Abstract. In the work, for the operational description of character, as a predictor of the most likely human behavior, such multilevel components as situational attitudes, cognitive patterns and life scenarios are used. To denote the generality and distinguishing features of these constructs, the following manifestations are used that are logically interconnected and identified at the behavioral level: general plan, a holistic model of what a person is going to achieve in his life as a manifestation of a life scenario; that which is usually (i.e. in connection with the life scenario being implemented) a person pays attention as an indicator of content, a demonstration of cognitive patterns characteristic of him; what a person involuntarily commits from time to time in certain situations as a reflection of a person’s situational attitudes. The empirical part of the study is devoted to testing the assumption that the use of sets of visual stimuli connected by the indicated logic in aitracking makes it possible to identify all the listed components of a person’s character and existing correlations between them. Based on the statistical processing of the oculometric characteristics of the gaze and taking into account the analysis of the results of post-test conversations with each respondent, a conclusion was drawn about the validity of this assumption. The fundamental possibility is shown to promptly identify situational attitudes, cognitive patterns, and socio-role-based features of life scenarios that are characteristic of an individual respondent, and even of the group as a whole. It was noted that in this case, post-test conversations acquire the character of a joint study with elements of operational counseling, substantivity, the implementation of the here and now principle in which it is ensured by working with the oculographic images of their own oculomotor reactions that are authentic for respondents. Confirmation of the productivity of such counseling is provided by the respondents’ invariably gaining inner peace, peace of mind and statements about the significance of their new experience.

Abstract. The article analyzes modern methods that reveal the dependence of students’ speech competence on various factors in order to improve the speech culture of future specialists. The article reveals the features of the ascertaining experiment, showing the conditions for the development of students’ speech competence. Factors affecting the formation of speech competence are identified. These include the following: the information environment of the University, reading special literature, reading fiction, self-education, the study of public speaking, the development of communication skills with colleagues. Also, the factors that ensure the effectiveness of the formation of speech competence of students are the understanding of the importance of speech competence in professional activities of both students and teachers; individual and differentiated approach to each student in the educational process as a result of the formation of their speech competence.

Abstract. The article analyzes the impact of false information, fake stuffing in the media on the legal consciousness of young people in general and such a category as young specialists of the defense-industrial complex (DIC), in particular. The mechanism of the psychological impact of false information on the consciousness of an individual is considered as a fake phenomenon, and options for countering the harmful influence of information attacks in the context of information war and total infodemic are proposed.

Abstract. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the father image of Tuvan teenagers from complete and incomplete families. This study involved 60 people: of them 30 boys, 30 girls aged 11-12 years. The study of the father’s image was carried out using the SOCH (I) method – the structure of the human image (hierarchical) by V.L. Sitnikov. Using this methodology, the rank structure of different images of the father of boys and girls from different types of families was identified on the basis of a quantitative comparison of the use of characteristics of different modality. The analysis of the father’s image in adolescents was carried out taking into account gender. Among Tuvan adolescents, two types of father images prevail, depending on the type of family. For adolescents from orphaned and divorced families, a stereotypical image of a father is characteristic, formed on the basis of traditional ideas, of Tuvan culture. The image of the father of adolescents from complete families, as a rule, is distinguished by individuality, since it reflects not a collective image generalized by culture, but specific ideas about a real person.

Abstract. The article deals with the problem of preventing the use of psychoactive substances by persons of an addictive risk group. The existing interest in this issue does not lose its relevance. It is noted that in interdisciplinary studies, carried out mainly at the interface of medicine and psychology, particular attention is paid to finding methods of diagnosis and assessment criteria, not only the preventive potential of existing programs, but also the personal resources of the individuals of the group of addictive risk disclosure content of the activities of the individual maintaining a balance between the demands of the environment and its resources, meet these requirements.

The authors suggest that the tool for solving this problem can be the use of a psychosemantic approach. This is due to the fact that the identification, description and analysis of value-semantic constructs in the field of individual subjective value-semantic space of the individual significantly expands the possibilities of development, implementation, stage and final evaluation of the effectiveness of preventive programs.

For this purpose, the authors used an adapted method for studying the subjective semantic space of the individual, developed by J. Kelly: “Repertory test of role constructs”, the results of which allow us to personify preventive work with people of the group of addictive risk, as well as to track the dynamics of changes in the subjective value-semantic space of the individual and adjust the process of preventing the use of surfactants.

Abstract. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the activities of volunteers that help people, and volunteers that help homeless animals. A review of the literature shows that such data on the volunteers of each group are contradictory, and insufficient in some areas of volunteer activity. At the same time, information about the average volunteer, his responsibilities and employment, cooperation within the volunteer community can allow non-profit organizations to more effectively recruit, train and retain volunteers, and researchers can obtain criteria for sampling in the framework of studies of various areas of volunteer activity.

The study was conducted among volunteers of various organizations engaged in helping people or helping homeless animals (N = 189). The average volunteer is a woman over 34 years old, married, working, and graduated. Sociodemographic data between groups of volunteers are different. volunteers with nonhuman animals are, on average, older, more likely to have no children, and work in medicine, education, or the nonprofit sector. Respondents were also asked questions about the frequency and types of volunteer activity. Volunteers helping animals are more involved in volunteer activity, often help alone, tend to take responsibility for the fate of the ward. Volunteers who help people are often engaged in a certain type of assistance, collaborate with other volunteers and do not manifest volunteer activity on an ongoing basis outside the organizations in which they are members. Suggestions are given for further areas of research.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the issues involving coordination of education, science and business systems in terms of municipal development agenda of Korolev city. Social partnerships are considered as effective tool, having significant advantage for organisations of staff professional development system, starting from its early stages. In the article best practices in functioning of mechanism of public-private partnerships in the education sphere of Korolev city are highlighted; the prospects of its further development are discusses.

Abstract. The problem of early musical development of preschool children has been and remains relevant in modern pedagogy. The child ‘s musical activity contributes to the expansion of his knowledge and ideas about the world, the development of the intellectual-creative and psychoemotional sphere, such qualities as imagination and fantasy, creative thinking, skills and skills in the field of musical and other arts. Susceptibility to the beautiful awakens in the child kindness, empathy, humanity, creative attitude to the world. However, many modern families unfortunately prefer variety and entertainment music designed for the non-search taste of a mass listener, which does not require intellectual costs and does not carry moral messages. The article provides an overview of the most effective methods of early musical development and modern forms of work with pre-school children.

Abstract. The work is devoted to studying the interrelation of values and attitudes and motivation of volunteer rescuers. 96 employees took part in the research and 6 methods were used for diagnostics of values and motivation. The results show that altruistic values prevail among volunteer rescuers. As their work experience increases, their aspiration for self-realization, result orientation and achievement increases. The motivation and value sphere of employees is not an integral structure, it consists of “activating” and “inhibiting” value and motivation groups. These components are in rigid and stable negative relations with indicators of the opposite complex. To be successful, rescue volunteers need to find ways to overcome the value-sense conflict that has formed.

Abstract. At present, within the framework of work psychology and extreme psychology, the activity of specialists of special risk professions in extreme conditions is studied. Requirements are made to the specialists for their individual and personal features, professional skills and abilities. Special attention should be paid to the peculiarities of self-regulation and self-control conducive to optimal individual behaviour under extreme conditions and to the successful completion of work tasks. The study used a method of literature analysis, testing, and descriptive and inductive statistical techniques to arrive at the following conclusions:

The assessment of the performance of high-risk professionals depends on their level of self-regulation and social self-control.

High indicators of self-regulation and self-control are connected with emotional stability and disposition to social interaction.

The obtained results can be used in professional selection, in training of new specialists, as well as for prevention of working capacity conditions of already working personnel.