№7 (115) — 2018

Abstract. The article considers the main stages of development of the black sea-Azov region – vast steppe areas located at the junction of the possessions of Russia, Poland and Turkey, as well as the vassal Crimean khanate, the so-called “Wild field”. The territory of the region was used for raids on the South Russian and Polish territories for a long time. This determined the need to ensure the protection and security of border areas. Of particular importance in this regard was the involvement of the Serbian Borderlands, as well as representatives of other Slavic peoples in the region initiated by Peter I, to counter the Turkish invasions and Crimean Tatar raids and to ensure the protection of the border areas of Russia. As a result, military settlements of the Balkan Peninsula were created within the framework of the Slavic-Serbian autonomy, the main purpose of which was to participate along with regular Russian military formations and Cossacks in the protection of border areas. After Russia’s victory in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1772, conditions were created for the socio-economic development of the region. To this end, the involvement of the colonists in the region has acquired an economic aspect. In the same period there is a formation of new Russia as a separate region of Russia. Of particular importance in the formation and development of the acquired activity of Grigory Potemkin. The main direction of its activity was the arrangement of new Russia, which consisted in the laying of cities, the construction of the fleet, the cultivation of orchards and vineyards, the establishment of schools, etc. – all this testified to the increasing military-political and socio-economic importance of the region. The result of this policy was the transformation of the Wild field into a prosperous Novorussia – one of the most developed socio-economic and cultural regions of the Russian Empire.

Keywords: Russia, Novorossiysk region, a Wild pitch and a border area of the Russian-Turkish war, colonization, resettlement, Catherine II Grigory Potemkin, the Crimea to Russia.

Abstract. The article considers the views of the outstanding American sociologist and culturologist of Russian origin, Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin, on Russian civilization; analyzes his contribution to the development of civilizational methodology, primarily on the basis of research on changes in the sociocultural area. The idea proposed by him about the fundamental role of spiritual, religious and intuitive elements in the formation of any civilization and the maintenance of its foundations is especially noted. Along with them, a rational and scientific principle plays its role that helps to construct a civilizational building in accordance with the material, legal, political requirements of the society. Considerable attention is paid to the attitude of P.A. Sorokin to the Russian Revolution of 1917, to which he gives an unambiguously negative assessment. The authors agree with the scholar in his conclusions on the short-term results of revolutionary events but oppose their absolutization. The article also analyzes the concept of the convergence of two socio-political systems, proposed in the 1960s by P.A. Sorokin as a model that allows to reconcile opposing systems, to improve the socio-political and social structure of the world. This idea, which was not a reality, actually is a tacit acknowledgment by the author of the fallacy of his one-sided assessment of the Russian revolution. The authors consider the contribution of the Russian-American scholar to the substantiation of the types of culture, their impact on the dynamics of social changes and practically all spheres of spiritual life (including music and artistic creativity) and humanitarian thought in the history of society to be fundamental. Conceptually profoundly substantiated, large-scale and detailed analysis of the transformation of social and cultural relations, practically unparalleled in the history of the world humanitarian science, provides an opportunity for modern researchers for theoretical conclusions in the field of history, modern trends and forecasts for the development of world and local civilizations.

Keywords: Civilization as a concept, Russian civilization, types of culture in the history of societies, integral truth, integral type of society, the Russian revolution and its impact on the fate of Russian civilization in the assessments of P.A. Sorokin, the idea of convergence in the concept of P.A. Sorokin, intuition and religion in the history of civilizations.

Abstract. Books of the noble families are widely introduced into scientific use, but the chronological information specified in them has not attracted the significant attention of researchers yet. In the article following the material of the book of the noble families of 1475-1598 relegate by researchers to the “List of the nobility”, the exact dates of voivodeship designations are analyzed. The author points to the not nearly fixation of definite dates on the part of the compilers that explains the importance of orders foremost as a source of information about the fact of nominations and the status of appointed ones. However, the material used demonstrates the desire of the authorities to associate the designation with great holytides and memorials of widely revered saints. This practice mirrors the situation when the Christianization of society a high degree has developed and the Orthodox calendar has made such a habit that church feasts began to be perceived not only as public holidays and celebrations, but also as some time-setting landmarks.

Keywords: Russian history, rule of Ivan IV, temporal culture, exact dates, voivodeship designations.

Abstract. The article considers the features of the relations between the three major political figures who left their posts as a result of the “ministerial crisis” of the spring of 1881 – Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, D.A. Milyutina and M.T. Loris-Melikov – with their successors in the departments. On the basis of sources of personal origin, situations are analyzed whereby retired ministers in one way or another contacted with “their” departments. Long-standing friendship between Loris-Melikov and his successor on the post of the Minister of Internal Affairs, N.P. Ignatiev was conditioned by their friendly communication. Being in more difficult relations with their successors, Konstantin Nikolayevich and Milyutin, communicated more with their lower-ranking colleagues, but their authority in the professional environment and the tradition of reading fragments from letters to a wide range of people enabled them to convey their thoughts and impressions about what is happening in the capital to the leaders of the departments. Understanding how the communication of the retired ministers with the leadership of “their” ministries was built up, how they reacted to official and unofficial appeals to them, how they used their retired position, gives material to answer the question of how strong the interest of these figures in the continuation of the political activities after retirement.

Keywords: Russian Empire, bureaucracy, retired dignitaries, “ministerial crisis” in 1881, correspondence, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, D.A. Milyutin, M.T. Loris-Melikov.

Abstract. Dynamics of economic and political processes in Eurasia makes the problem of oil and gas transportation from the countries with rich energy resources such as Russia, Iran, and Azerbaijan updated. A special role in the process is played by the pipeline for transportation of the Caspian oil from the Sangacal terminal near Baku by the Caspian Sea to the Supsa Georgian Port situated on the Black Sea shore, which was opened in April 1999.

Keywords: Baku-Supsa, Baku-Novorossiysk, AMOK, SOCAR, oil, oil transportation.

Abstract. The role of professionally applied mathematical preparation of the future economist in the modern informational society under the rapidly changing conditions is discussed. The comparative analysis of educational programs of the training field 38.03.01 “Economics” (the level of bachelor’s degree) in various Russian higher education institutions is carried out. The content of mathematical training, its labor intensity, the scope of classroom and independent work are systematized. Comparison of names, reporting forms, sequence of study, formed competencies, content of the disciplines of the mathematical block is given. The curricula and working programs of mathematical disciplines of 2014-2018, posted on official websites of organizations are taken as the basis. More than 50 educational organizations of higher education of different forms of ownership, categories, profiles occupying notable places in the ranking of the demand for higher education in Russia have been studied. The revealed features of the curricula and work programs of the disciplines that make up the professionally applied mathematical training of future economists are analyzed, as well as the possible consequences of these discrepancies.

Keywords: educational program 38.03.01 “Economics”, curricula, a block of mathematical disciplines, professionally applied mathematical competence of students.

Abstract. The article considers modern trends in the labor market that determine the requirements of employers for potential applicants, among which are the forced transition of workers from the manufacturing sector to the services sector, the growing demand for high-skilled and reduced demand for low-skilled labor, an increase in the horizontal and vertical gaps between the qualifications required by employers and the proposed by applicants. The author makes a conclusion about the dependence of the country’s economic development and the level of qualification of labor market’s participants and, examining the influence of automation, computerization and robotization on key competencies of students, justifies the need to develop new approaches to the educational process to ensure professional attractiveness of university graduates. The author formulates the dependence of the effectiveness of higher education on a set of factors and identifies the quality of education as a central factor that contributes to the significant development of socially significant and professional competencies and, as a result, to the growth of student competitiveness. The author proposed and justified three directions for improving the educational process taking into account modern requirements: changing the curriculum in order to develop the student’s independence; improvement of the technological base of higher education institutions providing continuous access to educational resources; constant improvement of professional qualification of teachers taking into account a rethinking the traditional role of the teacher in the educational process.

Keywords: Qualification, key competence, curriculum, digitalization, professional training.

Abstract. The article reveals the features of building the temporary perspective of modern youth at one of the important stages of their professional development – at the stage of training in the university. The necessity of studying the temporary perspective of students with meaningfulness of life and vitality is substantiated. The results of a comparative analysis of the features of building the temporary perspective of the modern youth of the Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublika with different levels of meaningfulness of life and vitality are presented. The empirical study was carried out on the basis of the Pridnestrovian State University. T.G. Shevchenko. The study involved 215 subjects (bachelors of full-time education) aged 17 to 21 years. As a psychodiagnostic toolkit, the following methods were used: “Temporary perspective questionnaire” by F. Zimbardo, questionnaire “Smyslozhiznennye orientations” D.A. Leontief, “Test of vitality” by S. Muddy in the adaptation of D.A. Leontyev and EI. Rasskazov. The authors put forward the idea of expediency in the conditions of a higher school to facilitate the development of the student as a subject of his own temporal perspective. To this end, the authors developed the Program for Self-Development of Students. The program is based on the training of organizational development of the personality, developed by the doctor of psychological sciences, Professor A.S. Fire. The technologies of organizational development used in the program make it possible to form young people’s ability to project their future and build their own lives according to their plan by increasing the subject’s potential of the students’ personality and their level of vitality. The self-development program was introduced into the practice of the department of psychological support and vocational guidance of the Pridnestrovian State University. T.G. Shevchenko.

Keywords: time perspective, meaningfulness of life, subject, vitality, technology of organizational development.

Abstract. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the image of an intractable intergroup conflict in the discourse of the Russian media in 2014-2017. The beginning of the article considers the definition and characteristics of the phenomenon of intractable conflict. The article analyzes two directions of the intractable conflict research: American and Israeli. The American direction considers five approaches to studying and working with intractable conflicts: the realist approach, the “human relations” approach, the pathology approach, the constructionist (postmodern) approach, the systems approach. The Israeli direction is analyzed through the areas of phenomenon research that the representatives of the approach identify: ethos of a conflict, collective memory of a conflict, collective emotions. The ideas of the constructionist approach were the methodological basis of this study. The goal of the study was to analyze ways of constructing an image of an intractable conflict in the discourse of the Russian media by addressing the ethos of the conflict. Results of the research revealed that the image of an intractable conflict in the Russian media is constructed by addressing the topics of delegitimization of the group, participated in the conflict, victimization of the group, participated in the conflict, as well as maintaining a positive image and legitimizing the actions of the group, participated in the conflict. Furthermore, the results revealed various discursive positions about conflict. The article concludes with the further research prospects on this topic.

Keywords: intergroup conflict, intractable conflict, image of a conflict, ethos of a conflict, collective memory of a conflict, collective emotions, media discourse.

Abstract. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the Chinese generation Z, based on recently published empirical studies of the generation change, which are of great importance for the corporate environment of the future. To date, relatively few empirical studies have been conducted on the generation Z on a global scale, and studies that exist, although informative, have come up with different, often loosely related, conclusions. They are also mostly personal stories. Given that the generation Z will soon join the professional labor power and take positions in academic circles, it is important that decision-makers in both the public and private sectors understand the value differences and the cultural orientation of this generation in order to mitigate conflicts between generations and to provide a productive labor power in the future. Only through a better understanding of this youngest generation, organizations can develop strategies and policies that will provide a productive, lucrative and collaborative environment that better takes into account their needs and prospects.

Keywords: generation Z, cultural values, generation change, mutual understanding, organizational psychology, intergenerational interactions.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the diagnosis and evaluation of the personal and professional development of top managers of the manufacturing association, the identification of indicators and indexes of the formation of personal characteristics and professional competencies necessary for the successful performance of management activities. The relevance of this topic is obvious in the context of identifying and using the existing resource (personal and professional) of managers to optimize the activities of enterprises without attracting other assets, which affects the effectiveness and prospects for the development of the organization. In the study, indicators of personal and professional development of the subject of management labor were revealed, namely: objective indicators of the formation of personal characteristics and management competencies of the subject of management activity were determined; three main indicators of personal and professional development, which have a certain group of indicators. Indicators are defined as follows: a vision of goals, objectives, problems and prospects; organizational component of management activities; leadership (in the process of business communication) by people. Based on the results of the research, possible directions of personal and professional development of the management of the manufacturing association are presented, and scientific and practical recommendations are proposed in the context of the methodology of the resource approach.

Keywords: subject of management activity, personal and professional development, indicators and indexes of management activity.

Abstract. The article theoretically and experimentally characterizes the interrelation between the development of speech and the formation of the child’s “picture of the world.” In psychology and linguistics, the interrelation is theoretically determined and justified between the following: objective reality and speech; “picture of the world” and language; “picture of the world,” “image of the world,” and speech as the main sign system. On the basis of the interrelation and interdependence between speech, the “picture of the world”, the “image of the world” and objective reality, the article makes an experimental analysis of the active speech of children who master the subjective attribution of word meanings, with the purpose of characterizing the child’s “picture of the world.” The initial children’s “picture of the world”, revealed on the basis of the analysis of the active vocabulary of children, includes different spheres of children’s life, diverse situations of everyday life. Different spheres of life do not make an equal contribution to the emerging “picture of the world” of children. The main content of the children’s “picture of the world” is the most fully mediated speech and relatively differentiated games, and manipulations with toys and objects of everyday life, situations of interaction with adults and children, as well as vitally important food situations. The peripheral content of the “picture of the world” of children who begin to speak is small in number mediated by speech and slightly differentiated situations of dressing / changing, walking, watching animals and playing with them, signifying parts of the body. The least important for the emerging picture of the world are individually mediated by speech and undifferentiated situations of travel in transport and the use of elements of the home environment. The main determinants of the “picture of the world” of children who master the subjective attribution of word meanings are the need for communication with adults, communication and subject activity developing on its basis and the formation of active selectivity in contacts with the environment.

Keywords: “picture of the world”, “image of the world”, development of speech, lexical development, speech as a form of symbolic activity.

Abstract. The article presents the results of the study of interaction dynamics during the group discussion on the material of the game “What? Where? When?”. At the beginning of the article, definition of a group solution is given; its features are described; factors that influence it are highlighted. The methodological positions defining the main directions of studying the group solution are indicated. The purpose of our research was to study the influence of personal and situational factors on the group decision. At the first stage of the research, we analyzed the significance of situational factors. The object of the research was the dynamic structure of the interactions of group members in the process of finding the right solution. The subject of the research was the search for differences in the dynamic structure of interactions between team members in the event of finding the right and wrong decision. As materials for the analysis videos of the training team for the sports “What? Where? When?” were selected. Content analysis of the video fragments was carried out according to the R. Bales scheme. As a result of the research, the prevalence of categories from the problem-solving area was shown and the absence of the significance of the emotional evaluation component, statistically significant results were obtained in the analysis of categories by groups of correctly and incorrectly found answers, and separately for the players-members of the team. Analysis of the contribution of the players showed differences in the methods of this contribution, and as a result of the analysis of the temporal dynamics of the solution search, it was discovered finding the right answer most often in the first stage of the discussion, and the incorrect one at the stage of completing the discussion. At the end of the article, a conclusion is made about further prospects for the study.

Keywords: group decision, success of a group decision, group discussion, interaction dynamics, game “What? Where? When?”.

Abstract. In the article, the authors cover the requirements and conditions for using the expert survey method as an efficient tool for assessing the success of professional activity of employees. The procedure for selecting experts, forming a list of professionally significant qualities of employees are described by author, and they also offer a questionnaire that can be used in the process of estimating employees of trade organizations.

Keywords: success of activity, employee of trade organization, expert survey, expert evaluation.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the important for scientific and practical psychology problem – the problem of development of volitional personality qualities, which in many ways ensure the success and efficiency of any sphere of human life and are of particular importance for those involved in sports. The authors draw attention to the high demands not only for the physical fitness of athletes, but also for the development of the necessary personal, primarily volitional, qualities that determine success in sports. The importance and necessity of persistence development for sportsmen as the major volitional characteristic of the personality influencing ability to reach the put goals in sports, for a long time overcoming difficulties and obstacles on a way to their achievement providing high sports achievements, leading to a win and development of the person as a whole in the conditions of tough competition and struggle. As an object of research carried out by the authors, the personality of the students of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports was taken. The purpose of the research was to determine the specifics of the content-semantic and instrumental-style characteristics of their persistence, providing a state of readiness and the desire for a long-term retention of the goal, as well as manifestations of the properties of temperament as a basis for the formation of this volitional property. The results of a comparative analysis of the persistence of the students of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports and students of other departments have empirically proved the hypothesis put forth by the authors that the representatives of the first group, in comparison with the second, have a stronger and more sustained desire to be persistent in achieving the goals, which is undoubtedly facilitated by their sports activities. 
At the same time, the persistence of the students of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports who are qualified athletes, is higher than the students of the same department who do not have sports ranks and titles. This article briefly describes the essence of the system-functional approach of A.I. Krupnov to the study of personality properties, within the framework of which an empirical research was carried out, and the specific features of the manifestation of persistence of the students of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports with sports ranks and titles, which consisted in greater desire and willingness to manifest this property, more frequent experience of positive sthenic emotions in the process of manifestation of persistent behavior, less inclination to rely on outsiders and external circumstances, great commitment, though with the dominance of egocentric motives.

Keywords: personality, students of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports, qualified athletes, persistence, meaningful-semantic and instrumental-style characteristics, distinctive features.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of creative self-realization. The relevance is determined by the fact that this phenomenon, despite its ancient history, is not fully disclosed and requires more detailed study. It is well known that the question of self-realization is important in a person’s life. For the successful realization of one’s self, an individual needs to adapt to environmental changes without harm to psychological and physical health. To do this, they need to fully identify and develop their own capabilities and potentials, as well as creatively approach the solution of life problems, because this is one of the necessary characteristics of the individual to achieve success in a particular activity, i.e. in their self-realization. In the course of theoretical analysis, the concepts of “self-realization” and “creativity” were considered, as interrelated characteristics of the individual, as well as the disclosure of the concept of “creative self-realization.” The author theoretically substantiated that foreign researchers mainly describe the concept of self-realization, relying on the ideas of humanistic knowledge and consider the need for self-improvement, self-development and creative self-realization – an innate phenomenon given to the human by nature. In the works of domestic psychologists, one can meet the problem of self-realization from the point of view of philosophy, sociology, psychology.

Keywords: creativity, self-realization, self-actualization, creative self-realization, personality, approaches to self-realization of the personality.