№8 (116) — 2018

Abstract. Formation of the Moscow merchants, the founders of the Tretyakov Gallery of the brothers Pavel and Sergei Tretyakovs, fell on the period of liberalization in the history of Russia in the middle of the 19th century. At this time, Slavophilism and Westernism created the basis for the revival of the national tradition in the development of the country. In the 1850-1860s, the Slavophiles (I.S. Aksakov, A.I. Koshelev, F.V. Chizhov, Yu.F. Samarin, V.A. Cherkasskiy, Prince A.A. Shcherbatov and others) made a bid on Moscow merchants; they developed ways of supporting national industry and banking, strengthening the domestic market. Their policy led to the prosperity of Russian industry and culture at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In line with these processes, the entrepreneurial and public activities of the Tretyakovs, including those with the Slavic Charitable Committee, whose members they were from the late 1860s, gained momentum. The close relation of the Tretyakovs to the Slavophile way of thought is evidenced by the circle of their contacts in the Moscow Duma, and also close contact with I.S. Aksakov.

Keywords: Pavel and Sergey Tretyakovs, textile industry of the 19th century, Slavophilism, Moscow merchants, I.S. Aksakov, Slavophiles, Slavic Charity Committee, Moscow City Duma 1860s-1870s, Russian-Turkish War 1877-1878, Slavophile idea, Balkan crisis.

Abstract. Nearly 36 million of school age children and adolescents were international migrants at the end of 2017, and this number continues to grow. The author of the article describes problems of the education of migrants’ children in the historical context, on the base of concrete examples of managing practices of foreign countries. There is an analysis of the experience of different countries in the sphere of organizing access of migrants’ children to pre-school, primary and secondary education. Approaches to teaching and adaptation of international migrants’ children at schools of the USA, Germany, Italy and some other countries are described. Special attention is paid to the experience and practices of the preparation of teachers and creation of comfortable integration-oriented environment. Some integration models promote multicultural society; others are aimed at the complete assimilation of migrants. The choice of this or that integration model depends on the immigration history of each country. The author makes a conclusion that nowadays governments in the majority of countries of Europe and Northern America understand the necessity and make investments in teaching and adaptation of children from international migrants’ families. They realize that such investment to developing human resources is an investment to the future – both from economic and humanistic points of view.

Keywords: children from migrants’ families, immigrants, linguistic and cultural adaptation, integration-oriented programs, intercultural education, language of teaching, educational achievements.

Abstract. If the religious painting of the famous artist V.M. Vasnetsov began to be spoken about only in the 1990s, then special studies of his political views are virtually unknown. The history of the relationship of V.M. Vasnetsov with the biggest ideologue of the monarchy, L.A Tikhomirov, essentially broadens our understanding of this long-hushed up topic. In this work, the author introduces into the scientific circulation the non-published correspondence between L.A. Tikhomirov and V.M. Vasnetsov, stored in the House-Museum of V.M. Vasnetsov, as well as a cultural contextual analysis of the relationship between the artist and political thinker. In particular, the author reveals V.M. Vasnetsov as a sponsor and inspirer of L.A. Tikhomirov at writing of the main work of his life “Monarchical Statehood”.

Keywords: History of Russia, the reign of Nicholas II, V.M. Vasnetsov, L.A. Tikhomirov, monarchical statehood, monarchism, autocracy, conservatism.

Abstract. The Baku-Novorossiysk oil pipeline was used in Soviet times for transportation of Western Siberian oil to Azerbaijani oil refineries. Since 1997, the pipeline started reverse operation, pumping early oil from the Sangacal terminal and Azeri–Chirag–Gunashli fields. However, the story of the former Soviet pipeline was not easy both technically and politically.

Keywords: Pipelines, oil pipelines, Baku-Novorossiysk, AMOK, SOCAR, oil, oil transportation.

Abstract. The article analyzes two principles of international law – the principle of territorial integrity and the right of nations to self-determination, their contradiction in documents of international law. The author proves that these two postulates do not deny each other and operate in different spheres and describe completely different situations.

Keywords: international law, territorial integrity, self-determination, sovereignty, West Sahara, United Nations.

Abstract. This study presents an analysis of modern-day research in the field of psychology of uncertainty in the context of psychological security. The philosophical premises of the investigation of the state and situation of uncertainty have been analysed. It offers an overview of psychophysiological studies of the state of uncertainty caused by the characteristics of the physical environment is given. A number of studies of uncertainty caused by socio-psychological circumstances have been considered. The main coping strategies of uncertainty situation and their role in maintaining the state of psychological security were studied. The main methods of studying tolerance to uncertainty and behavior strategies in the situation of uncertainty, their possibilities and limitations are analysed. As the best approach for studying psychological safety strategies under conditions of uncertainty, the construct “the need for completeness – incompleteness” was designated.

Keywords: uncertainty, psychological security, strategy, completeness, incompleteness.

Abstract. The game is analyzed as a new form of dissemination of advanced pedagogical experience in the network interaction of schools – regional innovation platforms of the Moscow region. The problem of increasing the effectiveness of information interaction between participants in the network interaction with the aim of disseminating innovations in education is considered. The business game “Innovation Reactor of the Moscow Region” is proposed as an expedient form of information interaction between participants in the network interaction of schools with the aim of sharing advanced experience of school practice. The point of the game is the interactive dialogue between the participants in the business game of the external and internal circle, which allows each participant to communicate a relevant short message about their innovative experience within short and limited period of time. Interactants interact in a dialogue mode, participants in the outer circle move around in circles to the next participant in the dialogue. The direct communication between the interactants causes positive emotions and a desire to improve their information with a view to more effective dialogue. The most expedient were groups of 6 to 12 people in each circle. Experience shows that after several dialogues the information message of is performed much more efficient by the participant and, accordingly, the dialogue of the participant and the expert passes. An expert, a member of the inner circle, also communicates his information about the innovative experience. Thus, primary dissemination of innovative experience is carried out. A secondary but valuable product of the game is to get a rating of innovative ideas, which is based on the opinions of the participants in the game, which they express at the end of it. The form of the business game “Innovation Reactor of the Moscow Region” proved its relevance in the course of seminars, forums of innovative ideas of teachers of the Moscow region.

Keywords: dissemination, regional innovation platform, networking of schools.

Abstract. The authors review the classification of the scientific approaches of professional reliability, identifies the features of professional reliability of police officers. They advocate a humanistic theory of professional reliability in which social-psychological health is proved as the main characteristic of professional reliability of police officers. Within the framework of the concept two levels of professional reliability are discovered: the social-psychological adaptation level and the self-actualization level. The survey conducted by the authors showed that most officers have problems with attaining the second level of professional reliability. On the base of the theoretical analysis and empirical research the authors offer recommended practice for professional reliability rising.

Keywords: humanistic psychology, professional reliance, psychological health, social-psychological adaptation, self-actualization.

Abstract. The article presents theoretical prerequisites for the application of a multidimensional approach to the psychological study of the competitiveness of entrepreneurs. The analysis of publications on this issue showed that the aspect local psychological studies of the competitiveness of entrepreneurs are predominant. The methodological study of the problem necessitated the orientation not only of methodological principles, but also of the principles-approaches (anthropocentric, systemic, subject-activity, etc.). These approaches should be combined into a multidimensional approach. Unlike other approaches, the multidimensional approach sets less as a methodological orientation, for example, on the priority of the property of subjectivity, than as a certain organization of scientific research, which affects their effectiveness and significance. Multidimensional approach performs the most important functions: gnostic, informational, organizational, communicative, reflexive, etc. The contents of the multidimensional approach, its features in comparison with other approaches and methodological principles are described. On the basis of a theoretical analysis of the problem and generalization of the results of psychological studies of the competitiveness of entrepreneurs, approach to the psychological study of the competitiveness of entrepreneurs is described: the direction of the aspect on the examination of the research problem; direction of the definition of goals and objectives of psychological research of the competitiveness of entrepreneurs; substantiation of the research object, principles and methods of its study; substantiation and description of the subject of research; type of research results, their approbation and implementation. A special place is the direction of the description of self-processes associated with the productive self-development of entrepreneurs. Orientation to a multidimensional approach gives good results in the study of psychologically complex objects, which is the competitiveness of entrepreneurs through rational organization and increasing the level of interaction in scientific research.

Keywords: entrepreneurs, competitiveness of entrepreneurs, methodological grounds, multidimensional approach.

Abstract. The problem of personality formation does not lose its relevance throughout the history of human culture. This topic is devoted to the works of many scientists in various fields of humanitarian knowledge. In this article the author focuses on the features of the formation and activity of the individual in the conditions of the modern cultural paradigm of the anthropocentric type, when the personal beginning will determine the vector of the development of culture as a whole. In these circumstances, the most important factor in the formation of personality should be the humanitarian component. It is known that personality is formed under the influence of external and internal factors. It is in the process of creative activity, in interaction with culture, there is a realization of the inner potential of man. Through empathy, empathy, on the basis of ideals of morality, harmony, beauty, in the process of communication and creative activity, personal interpretation of the phenomena of the world around is carried out, creative activity of the individual is manifested, there is a finding of personal meanings, spiritual self-realization in culture. In the process of understanding the cultural values of the past and the present, the continuity of generations and the translation of cultural experience is ensured. The article highlights the basic mechanisms of personality formation, such as: emotional response to the phenomena of the world, spiritual communication, cognitive activity, realized through “knowledge-dialogue”, “knowledge-experience”. Also, personal qualities are defined that ensure a successful process of self-realization and self-recovery: positive orientation, openness to the world, creative aspiration.

Keywords: Personality, humanitarian culture, creativity, self-realization, ethical and aesthetic ideals, spiritual communication, personal interpretation.

Abstract. The author of the proposed article stated the relevance of the determination of the essence of the art of conducting, in a pedagogical perspective, is a professional competence of the conductor, which are formed through professional activities, occupying the Central link in the triad of competence: “professional competence – professional activities – professional competence”. The content of the article is aimed at understanding the types of professional activity of the conductor in the context of the new edition of the Federal state educational standard of the third generation in the direction of training 53.03.05 Conducting (undergraduate level).

Keywords: conductor, professional activity, Federal state educational standard, bachelor degree, competence.

Abstract. The article considers an important scientific problem of determining the essence and content of the concept of professional competence of the senior medical personnel (on the example of doctors of a surgical profile). The problem of professional competence is considered in connection with the problem of attestation of the senior medical personnel.

Keywords: competence, professional competence, senior medical personnel, surgeons, attestation.

Abstract. Currently, more than 150,000 children are on long-term treatment annually. Particular attention is paid to ensuring the constitutional right to quality secondary education for such children. In the Russian Federation, there are many schools in hospitals, but there is no special system for training pedagogical personnel to work with seriously ill children. According to the results of the study described below, almost half of teachers showed formed symptoms of professional burnout, more than half – in process of formation. The need to develop measures to prevent and combat professional burnout for this group of pedagogues is obvious. One of the reasons is the insufficiency of the resource base. The article describes activities aimed at identifying the risk group of teachers, replenishing the resource base and working with the elimination of the consequences of burnout. This is mainly achieved through psychological education and training. The resource base refers to development resources, conservation resources and overcoming resources. The training program is made up of three blocks. The organizational block is the creation of conditions for effective work on oneself and the rallying of the group. Forming block – activities that improve awareness. The reflexive-evaluation block allows to optimize the attitude to oneself, to understand how to fill the resource base, set goals and achieve them. To increase the effectiveness of the training program, exercises of various psychological schools, as well as authorial exercises are used. The program has shown its efficiency. According to the results of the second study after its conduction, among the burnt out teachers, the majority of the symptoms of “burnout” became non-expressed; in one-third formed symptoms became being formed. Out of the burning out teachers, the symptoms remained only in one-tenth of the group; the others had their symptoms gone. To achieve such results, a systematic and integrated approach is needed.

Keywords: Syndrome of emotional burnout, professional burnout, prevention of professional burnout, trainings, school at the hospital.

Abstract. In the article the actualization of the study of musical art as a process of communication is associated with the task of establishing a full dialogue of cultures between different countries and peoples not from the position of force, confrontation, conflict, but on the ways of cooperation and partnership. Musical thinking, considered in the context of communication, allows to form a new approach to the study of social and cultural processes. The approach to musical art as an artistic modeling of communicative and interactive situations of society imposes additional requirements to music pedagogy. The latter should be based on sociology, psychology, cultural studies, social and cultural anthropology, literary studies and art history, in the part where the problems of mutual understanding, social interaction, humanization of human relations are considered. Music art is able to establish a dialogue between different worldviews through the interaction of mass and elite music art, classical and folk music, imbued with the idea of spiritual integrity. Thus, musical creativity contributes to the creation of cultural and social polyphony, knowledge of the diversity and infinity of the reality surrounding man, the complexity of his inner spiritual world. The understanding of music in the process of cultural communication should be carried out as a phenomenon, which combines rational and emotional components that contribute to the formation of the worldview and self-consciousness of a person involved in the art of music.

Keywords: dialogues, thinking, communication, culture, education, music art, philosophy.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the socio-anthropological and cultural-anthropological approaches to musical-pedagogical technologies; the problem of correlation of the process of music education with the need of students in their self-identification as subjects of creative activity, value understanding of the world based on musical perception and thinking, processes of social and cultural interaction and their attitude to the surrounding society, taking into account the achievements of musical art, reflecting, one way or another, the basic mood and attitude of the era. The authors of the article speak about the formation of a special problem field of cultural studies of musical and pedagogical technologies at the intersection of the problems of self-identity and dialogue of cultures. Immersion in this problem allows to reveal the internal resources of musical pedagogy for the development of students ‘ self-consciousness, their spiritual and moral potential, the ability to perceive the cultural achievements of different countries and peoples, because musical art by its nature, along with purely national carries and universal features. In relation to music pedagogy in this regard, we can identify those necessary components that are the necessary basis for the development of appropriate musical and pedagogical technologies in educational activities: the study of spiritual culture of different peoples, ethnic groups, their national and cultural traditions, mentality. By taking their own personal position towards these cultures, students also form their own personal identity.

Keywords: culture, anthropology, identity, dialogue, ethics, creativity, thinking.

Abstract. The article presents data of empirical research characterizing the peculiarities of teachers’ self-realization, depending on the severity of individual personal features. Self-realization in the context of this study is considered as a complex psychological education determined by a combination of external and internal factors that ensure the success of the teacher’s self-expression in professional activity. As internal determinants, such personal features as responsibility, curiosity, diligence, and professional identity are analyzed. It is established that teachers with expressed specified properties are more successful in professional self-expression than their colleagues. Within the framework of the study, data were obtained revealing the connection between professional identity and the components of self-realization. It is established that professional identity is directly dependent on the success of self-realization of the subject. The role of personality features in the self-realization of teachers is revealed. The results of the research are important for the development of psychological support programs for teachers at different stages of professionalization.

Keywords: self-realization, teachers, professional identity, personal features, variables, characteristics.