№2 (122) — 2019

Abstract. The article is devoted to the influence of court kunstkameras, as well as palace ornithons and greenhouses on the design of 18th century West European porcelain. Major interest in objects of nature, both familiar and the exotic European look, had a significant influence the choices of motives that were used in the manufacture of decorative objects and on their interpretation, which from symbolic-allegorical turns into almost document-scientific. In this context, the author analyzes a variety of artistic material, placing particular emphasis on the porcelain works of the largest European manufactories: Meissen, Vienna, Doccia.

Keywords: kunstkamera, West European decorative art of baroque-era, West European porcelain, German porcelain, Austrian porcelain, Italian porcelain, Meissen porcelain manufactory, Vienna porcelain manufactory, factory in Doccia.

Abstract. The article covers features of evolution of Soviet managerial thought since Bolsheviks came to power until the beginning of the Second World War. The aim of the work is to identify those elements of managerial thought that, born under the conditions of political and ideological domination of Bolshevism, have had and continue to have universal and relevant nature. Hard ideological dictate actually impeded the developing of the national science of public administration while completely depriving it of the possibility of any autonomous statement. This was certainly not the case in the economic management theory – in the 1920s, in conditions of relative freedom of scientific discussions in the years of the NEP, when the country’s leadership was fascinated by some Western management concepts (primarily Taylorism) and theoretical and practical aspects of the relationship between the plan and the market were not solved the rise of Soviet managerial thought has been observed. Conversely, the 1930s and 1940s have indicated an obvious conceptual stagnation. Unlike past period, the research seemed to have narrow, exclusively industrial character. However, managerial thought, forcedly broken “by industry”, in some cases and in a number of areas, achieved significant advances and some ideas, which were due to the analysis of the “command” economy processes, became with time a new word in world science.
Keywords: managerial thought, public management, economy, planning, market, advanced industrial engineering, Taylorism, manufacturing process management, NEP, command and administration system.

Abstract. Characters identification of birch bark letters from written sources was undertaken by A.V. Artsikhovsky immediately after the discovery of the first ten writings. By larger numbers of letters, two more ways of identification have been defined: by comparing names descending from one estate or from neighboring estates and by analyzing handwriting. Comparing names made it possible to establish family ties and business relations between participants of correspondence, to determine owners of the manor-houses and their social origin. The complex of 30 letters found on the excavation of Nerev (1951–1962) is especially indicative; their authors and addressees were six generations of the boyar family of the Mišinić-Ontsiforovichs. These letters were concentrated on several estates, compactly located in the southern part of the excavation, which led V. L. Yanin to the conclusion of the boyar patronymy when boyar family held not one but several estates. It has been suggested that estates of Mišinić-Ontsiforovichs were located outside the excavation of Nerev to the west and south of it. Subsequently, this was confirmed during the archaeological study of the neighboring quarter, where letters were found related to Ontsiforovichs. Writings No. 1076 and 1079 contain the name of another member of this family.

Keywords: birch bark writings, excavation of Nerev, estates, Mišinić-Ontsiforovichs, dating, identification, characters of birch bark letters, boyar patronymy, genealogy, Ivan Ontsiforov.

Abstract. The children’s movement in the country endures the difficult period in the development that updates the available historical experience of emergence and development of a pionerdvizheniye in last century in the young Soviet republic. N.K. Krupskaya who warned in due time about a number of the mistakes connected with the children’s movement which it is necessary to avoid was one of theorists of the children’s movement and its organizer. The analysis of its approach, consequences of the taken wrong steps in the children’s movement and need of their account at the solution of questions of the modern children’s movement is a subject of discussion in this article.

Keywords: pionerdvizheniye, children’s movement, education, communistic education, school.

Abstract. The paper analyzes the current context of the memory of repression and deportations by Germans of Siberia and South Kazakhstan. The source for writing was the field materials of five expeditions 2014-2017. In the course of research certain categories of so-called professional agents of memory have been examined in detail, ethnic features of the memory of repression and memory injury were identified in the designated ethno-cultural group. Such a focus of research is attributable to the need for developing a correct approach to the problem of memory of traumatic past; categorization and characterization of subjects not only storing, but also broadcasting this memory allow in the near future to find the means for talking about this past that are so lacking in modern society.

Keywords: Russian Germans, Germans of Kazakhstan, memory injury, deportation, repression, professional agents of memory.

Abstract. The article discusses the history of the localization of the capital cities of the Fergana Valley and the Great Silk Road. Based on the analysis of archaeological and written sources, the author of the article came to the following conclusions. In the III-II centuries. The Ferganians called their state and the main metropolitan city one topo-nim “Fargana-Parkana-Pargana”, which meant an area surrounded by mountains (stent) and having an entrance from one side. In the Chinese chronicles the toponym “Fargana” (“Par-gana-Parkana”) is translated as “Yuan”, and when it came to the state of Fargan, the phrase “Dai-Yuan” (Great Fargana) was used. The author also managed to establish that the capital city of Farghana (Yuan) was located at the town of Eski Ahsi. From the second half of the 9th century, when the city of Fargana in the Arabic sources begins to be referred to as Ahsiket, and it is established from coin data that almost until the middle of the 11th century. he continues to have a double name (Fargana-Ahsiket). Only from the second half of the XI century. in the sources he spelled Ahsiket-Ahsikat. In the era of the developed Middle Ages (IX-XII centuries) its area reaches more than 400 hectares and, accordingly, its population was approximately more than 200 thousand people. The evolution of material culture from its initial, early periods to the developed Middle Ages is well traced, when Ahikettae reached such a high level in its development that allowed them to produce high-quality steel – damask and manufacture various forms of weapons from it, including called famous “damask” blades. In the Chinese sources 3 more cities are mentioned: Ershi, Yuchen, Guishuan. The toponym Ershi is localized with the modern Osh region, where the so-called heaven horses were bred (“tianma”). It turns out that in addition to the whole region, which is named in the Kai-Thai chronicles as Ershi, there is still a city under the same toponym, which can be localized with the town site of Mingtepa (Markhamat). The city of Yuchen is located in the Eilatan city, and the city of Guishuan is located on the territory of the Mugtepa monument. In the historical writings “Shitszi” and “Khanshu”, we find information about the transit road from China to the West, where Ferghana is indicated as an important trading point. Along this path, Chinese silk and bronze products penetrated into the region of the Lower Volga, Pri-Ural, the North Caucasus, and the Northern Black Sea region. Glassware, cotton, thoroughbred horses, fruits, etc. were brought back to the East.

Key words: Fergana, Silk Road, Central Asia, Sogdians, nomadic tribes.

Abstract. Subject of research is the system of agricultural governance of the Soviet Union. The timeframes of the study cover the period of the mid-1960s – the mid-1970s. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the organizational and economic activities of the Soviet leadership, the economic and social performance of the party and the Soviet government, the results of organizational and economic activities, the dynamics of quantitative and qualitative changes in agriculture. Particular attention is drawn to the conservative approach of the Soviet leadership to the system of agricultural governance. In 1965, at the March Plenum of the CPSU, a new course in the development of the agrarian sector was marked. It began to pay more attention to material incentives in agriculture and empowerment of agricultural producers. However, in the late 1960s, tensions throughout the country’s food supply intensified. In 1970, at the July Plenum of the party, the conservative agrarian course was finally determined, based on strengthening the administrative management system. This paper concluded that in the mid-1960s – mid-1970s, the policy of the Soviet leadership in regulating the system of agricultural governance was fragmented and not comprehensive. The result was a collapse of farm profitability and the rapid growth of grain imports.

Keywords: agriculture, food problem, CPSU, USSR, ideology, developed socialist society, village, Brezhnev.

Abstract. The article deals with the concept of “pedagogical school” in relation to the educational process of the instrumental class, in which individual learning lays the dominant vector of formation of professional and personal interpretative qualities of a young musician.

Keywords: the subject of interpreting, teaching school, instrumental class.

Abstract. The article presents the concept of the author’s team on the use of pedagogic capacity of educational organizations of the Moscow region, taking into account the existing problems and ways to overcome them. It is emphasized that the creation of an effective system of educational work involves a distinct determination of organizational, psychological and pedagogical conditions, proper methodological approaches and the choice of optimal forms of work.

Keywords: education, educational system, educational work at school, methodological approaches, organizational forms of education.

Abstract. Increasing attention is being paid to the quality of management education worldwide. This is due to its significant impact on all activities and the results of the socio-economic development of any country. Any shortcomings in management education negatively affect not only the manager who received it, the manager, but also the organization that claimed his competence, knowledge and skills, as well as the society as a whole. At the same time, the shortcomings of basic management education deserve special attention, as they play a key role in the training of national managerial personnel. Since they are the results of performing certain actions using advisory resources that did not lead to the creation of value for consumers and other interested parties, they are associated with losses incurred in the production and provision of educational services. An effective tool to combat such losses and the underlying deficiencies of basic management education that cause them is the concept of lean manufacturing, the essence and purpose of which is the elimination of losses. The application of its principles and tools to solve the problem of improving the quality of management education and training management personnel is particularly relevant when solving the problems of the breakthrough development of the country and bringing education to a new level in the current socio-economic conditions of Russia’s development related to the global crisis and implemented by Western countries policy of sanctions and restrictions. In accordance with the principle of embedded quality, which forms the basis of the concept of lean manufacturing, their application should be aimed primarily at eliminating shortcomings and improving the quality of the content of management education, which is formed at the stages of its design. This is consistent with the concept of total quality management, implemented in the quality management system. This implies the relevance of the study of the conditions and prerequisites for the application of the concept and principles of careful production to improve the quality of the content of basic management education, especially at the stages of its design.

Keywords. Management education, management training, educational services, quality management education, losses, principles of lean production, economical management education.

Abstract. Currently, in physical education there is a significant increase in the number of female students who are classified as a special medical group for health reasons. The aim of the work is the development of the need for healthy lifestyle and self-study physical exercises. The objectives of the study were to conduct functional tests, testing procedures of physical development and physical fitness in the special medical group. On the basis of organism‘s individual properties of female students the organism‘s functionality under the impact of the work performed has been identified. As a result, the features of physical activity structure to improve performance by carrying out physical training have been delineated. Keywords: special medical group, functional tests with physical strain, vestibular system, organism‘s individual properties, measured physical activity.

Abstract. The article presents the results of the study, the aim of which was studying self-conception of a person in relationship with features of subjective economic prosperity. The authors theoretically substantiated and empirically confirmed the position of the existence of this type of relationship, and also a brief analysis of the concepts of self-relation and subjective economic prosperity has been performed. An empirical test was conducted on students of 1-3 courses of the Philological Faculty of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. The study relies on methods of methodologies to research self-relation of the person and estimation of subjective economic prosperity. Correlation analysis was used as the main method of mathematical statistics. It was found that students of this given sample have an average level of subjective economic prosperity, economic optimism, subjective adequacy of income and current family well-being, as well as an average expressiveness degree of all indicators of a person’s self-attitude. However, they are characterized by the level of financial deprivation above the average and the level of economic anxiety is below the average. Within the empirical study conducted significant correlations between the current level of family well-being at the 5th out of 9 self-assessment scales, the overall level of subjective economic prosperity with three scales, as well as the degree of financial deprivation with one scale. The results of the study received can be used in work of psychological service of the university while advising students, as well as in the development of correctional-optimizing programs aimed at personal growth of students.

Keywords: self-relation, subjective economic prosperity, identity, students, person.

Abstract. Today, the electronic information and educational environment has become one of the integral components of the educational process organization. The rationale for its introduction into the system of higher educational institutions are the documents governing the organization of their educational activities. However, the introduction of this system into educational activity allowed to identify both positive aspects and revealed a number of problems associated with the complexity of perception of the new system and the refusal of traditional forms of education in it, which have been formed over the centuries and have their advantages over the electronic information and educational environment. Thus, it becomes necessary to draw attention on the part of developers to emerging problems, one of the most serious of which is the use of methods of pedagogical support of university students in educational activities in the framework of electronic information and educational environment. As the analysis of modern literature shows, the authors dealing with this problem adduce the existing advantages and reveal the shortcomings of such environments and also suggest various areas of work on the creation of modern electronic information-educational environments. It may be surprised that the pedagogical support function in the sources analyzing by the authors is only partially affected. However, practice shows that this direction in the conditions of the electronic information-educational environment is very promising and should become the most important as a necessary pedagogical condition for successful activity in such environments.

Keywords: electronic information-educational environment, higher education, pedagogical support, e-learning, distance learning.

Abstract. This article is the result of the study of the formation of negotiating competence in the process of communication. Emphasis is placed on such component negotiating competence as the ability to apply the techniques of psycholinguistics in questioning, during the negotiations themselves, and in professional communication during the period of solving other operational and official tasks. For the methodological example, a monument of written language of the 17th century was chosen. The article provides a brief review of studies on the psycholinguistics of Slavic languages, carried out on the basis of foreign educational and scientific institutions. The methods of scientific research that are used in work with modern sources of journalistic, official business and conversational speech styles, as well as with monuments of Russian writing are listed. Considered in detail the use of qualities of negotiation competence when communicating in a conflict situation. The characteristics and targeted orientation of the communicative competence skills of law enforcement officers during official interaction with state and municipal authorities, public organizations and associations, officials, media representatives, representatives of other law enforcement agencies, the Public Council are presented. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the peculiarities of communication with representatives of social groups that are distinguished by age, professional qualities, national identity, cultural and leisure activities. In conclusion, recommendations on the scientific and practical use of research results.

Key words: negotiation competence, communicative competence, definition of communication features.